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The World Energy Challenge: A Very Brief Overview

The World Energy Challenge: A Very Brief Overview. Engr 10. With your neighbor discuss. What are fossil fuels? Why are they important? Are they renewable? Approx. what % of world energy use is fossil fuels?. What do you already know?.

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The World Energy Challenge: A Very Brief Overview

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  1. The World Energy Challenge: A Very Brief Overview Engr 10

  2. With your neighbor discuss • What are fossil fuels? • Why are they important? • Are they renewable? • Approx. what % of world energy use is fossil fuels?

  3. What do you already know? Approximately what % of world energy use is fossil fuels? • 20% • 50% • 65% • 85% • 98%

  4. COAL #2 Other #4 Natural Gas #3 OIL #1 BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018

  5. http://www.columbia.edu/~mhs119/EnergyConsump/

  6. http://www.columbia.edu/~mhs119/EnergyConsump/

  7. World Energy Consumption Projections Only 15% - 17% of total energy consumption from renewables

  8. World Electricity Generation by Fuel Type

  9. World Energy Production by Fuel .Adapted from IEA (2017)

  10. Total Energy Production by Region https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html

  11. Oil billion At our current rate of usage, these reserves would last 42 years. http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9023769&contentId=7044915

  12. Proven Oil Reserves (2017) BP's 2018 Statistical Review of World Energy report

  13. Crude Oil Production by Region https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html

  14. US remains largest producer of oil and natural gas https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=36292

  15. What We Pay for in a Gallon of Gas http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/gasdiesel/

  16. Today’s Oil Prices (/bbl) http://www.oil-price.net/

  17. Crude Oil Prices to Increase Slightly

  18. What have you heard about the Keystone pipeline? Meclee: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Keystone-pipeline-route.png

  19. What do you already know? Which country is the #1 source of oil imports for the U.S.? • Russia • Saudi Arabia • Canada • Mexico • Venezuela

  20. 3 out of 4 Americans think that the U.S. imports the majority of its oil from the Middle East, but it is only a quarter of U.S. oil imports. 60% of the oil that Americans use is produced in the U.S.

  21. https://seekingalpha.com/article/3282985-crude-oil-whats-with-those-canadian-imports-ehhttps://seekingalpha.com/article/3282985-crude-oil-whats-with-those-canadian-imports-eh

  22. Crude Oil Imports to US https://www.eia.gov/peTroleum/imporTs/companylevel/

  23. Oil Imports to US http://www.visualcapitalist.com/animation-oil-imports-to-u-s-shifted-15-years/

  24. Proven Gas Reserves (2017) BP's 2018 Statistical Review of World Energy report

  25. The Amazing Rise in U.S. Proven Natural Gas Reserves

  26. FRACKING BBC News, 27 Jun 2013

  27. Proven Coal Reserves (2017) BP's 2018 Statistical Review of World Energy report

  28. Fossil Fuel Depletion Good News • Continually finding new fossil fuel deposits • Many known, but untapped deposits Bad News • Fossil fuels will not last forever. • Even before they run out, as demand grows and availability shrinks, prices will skyrocket.

  29. Fossil Fuel Challenges Non-renewable Depleting resources Increasing demand Is that all? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg

  30. Air Pollution Burning fossil fuels causes air pollution from waste products • Particulates: small bits of burned fuel, causing smog • Ozone: nitrogen oxide & other gases react to create ozone near the earth’s surface • Sulfur dioxide: causing acid rain • Carbon monoxide: displaces O2 in blood, deprives brain, heart, etc. of O2

  31. Fossil Fuel Extraction Causes Environmental Damage • Adverse environmental effects due to drilling, leakages, and spills include • Surface and ground water pollution • Drilling fluid (called mud) releases • Land subsidence • Land and wildlife disruption • Oil spills http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2387 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oiled_bird_3.jpg http://www.masstech.org/cleanenergy/important/envother.htm

  32. Clean Air Act – We’re getting better! • Clean Air Act - resulted in significant improvements in the U.S. • Pollution 20 cars today = 1 car from 1960’s • Emissions reduced: CO by 33%, sulfur dioxide by 38%, volatile organic compounds by 42%, particulate matter by 75%, lead by 98% • Overall air pollution reduction approximately 48% • Hot spots of bad air pollution still exist http://www.dispatchesfromchina.com/2010/06/pass_the_mask.html

  33. It’s Not All Good News Many developing countries do not yet have strict pollution regulations in place, and pollution is significantly worse than in the U.S. Mumbai Beijing London Baku, Azerbaijan http://blog.sustainablog.org/do-cities-located-by-the-water-have-a-sustainability-advantage/

  34. Global Warming • The theory behind global warming - an increase in certain gases will cause more heat to be reflected, increasing the atmosphere’s temperature. • Burning of fossil fuels produces significant amounts of these greenhouse gases • Conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of 1,300 scientific experts from many countries: • Greater than 90% chance that human activities over the past 250 years have warmed our planet

  35. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse glass • Allows short wavelength radiation from the sun • Reflects the long wavelength radiation inside • Trapping heat inside https://globalgreening.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/

  36. http://see-the-sea.org/topics/pollution/air/green-house/greenhouse_effect.htmhttp://see-the-sea.org/topics/pollution/air/green-house/greenhouse_effect.htm Greenhouse gases have this same effect, causing our world to be warm.

  37. Can You Name The Main Greenhouse Gases?

  38. GHGs in Atmosphere • Water Vapor (H2O) • 36%-72% • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Fluorocarbons (CFCs) • Ozone (O3) • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) http://nlc-echs-groupthree.co.uk/greenhousegasses.aspx

  39. Correlation Between CO2 and Temperature http://www.climatechoices.org.uk/pages/cchange3.htm

  40. Correlation Between CO2 and Temperature Marian Koshland Science Museum of the National Academy of Sciences: Global Warming Facts and Our Futures, originally provided to that site by Kurt Cuffey, University of California, Berkely.

  41. Climate Modeling

  42. A climate model that includes both natural processes and human activities closely matches actual measurements of 20th-century temperatures http://www.koshland-science-museum.org/exhibitgcc/historical06.jsp The same climate model without human activity (natural processes only) does not match the strong warming observed during the past few decades.

  43. Why So Much Disagreement? • Predicted temperature increases tend to be within (or close to within) the uncertainty of computer models. • Many causes interact, making it difficult to say with certainty what causes what. Computer models must be simplified significantly and cannot take all interacting parameters into account.

  44. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2232-climate-modelshttps://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2232-climate-models

  45. Petition Project • About 32,000 American scientists (9000+ with PhDs) signed a petition saying that no scientific evidence exists that man-made GHG emissions have had a significant effect on Earth’s temperature. • Here are several figures from a published paper that this project references. http://www.petitionproject.org/review_article.php

  46. Petition Project, cont. http://www.petitionproject.org/review_article.php

  47. More Data…. Created by Cuffy and Clow in 1997, and based on Greenland ice core records, this chart shows global temperatures for the past 15,000 years.

  48. So, Who’s Right?? • Many of your professors have strong opinions on this matter, you should do the research to form an informed opinion of your own. • Here are two links, on either side of the issue, to get started. Both links refer to scientific data and make clear, reasoned arguments • http://climate.nasa.gov/ • http://www.petitionproject.org/gw_article/Review_Article_HTML.php

  49. Your Opinion • Based on what you know today, do you believe that man-made global warming is occurring? • Yes • No

  50. Your Opinion Over the next 30 years, which of the following do you think will be the most important solution to the energy crisis? • Energy conservation • Increased drilling for fossil fuels • Alternative energy sources

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