1 / 66

Cranial nerves

Cranial nerves. Assoc. prof. Stefan Sivkov, MD, PhD. Names. I N. olfactorius II N. opticus III N. oculomotorius IV N. trochlearis V N. trigeminus VI N. abducens VII N. facialis VIII N.vestibulocochlearis IX N. glossopharyngeus X N. vagus

melodie-cantu
Download Presentation

Cranial nerves

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cranial nerves Assoc. prof. Stefan Sivkov,MD, PhD

  2. Names I N. olfactorius II N. opticus III N. oculomotorius IV N. trochlearis V N. trigeminus VI N. abducens VII N. facialis VIII N.vestibulocochlearis IX N. glossopharyngeus X N. vagus XI N. accessorius XII N. hypoglossus

  3. Nuclei, components, course

  4. Cranial nerves • Somatic • Somatomotor • Somatosensory • General somatosensory • Specific somatosensory • Autonomic • Visceromotor • General visceromotor • Specific visceromotor • Viscerosensory • General viscerosensory • Specific viscerosensory

  5. Components • General somatosensory fibers (GSS): extero- and proprioseptive impulsesfrom head and face • Specific somatosensory fibers (SSS): specific impulses from eye and ear • General viscerosensory fibers (GVS): from visceral organs to viscerosensory nuclei. • Specific viscerosensory fibers(SVS): specific impulses for smell and taste • General somatomotor fibers (GSM): for skeletal muscles of eye and tongue • Specific visceromotor fibers (SVM): for skeletal muscles with branchiogenic origin. Mastication, expression, swallowing • General visceromotor fibers (GVM):from visceromotor nuclei; relay in parasympathetic ganglia. Heart muscle，smooth muscles, glands.

  6. Nuclei Columns • Medial.Somatomotor. In the central grey matter; derive from basal plate of neural tube; supply striated muscles with myotomic origin; (ІІІ, ІV, VІ, ХІІ). • Ventrolateral.Specific visceromotor.Migrate ventrolaterally forminginner genu; derive from basal plate; supply muscles withbranchiogenic origin; (V, VІІ).

  7. Visceromotor column. • Lateral to medial and dorsal to ventrolateral clmn; derive from basal platenext to sulcus limitans; origin to efferent preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic supply of smooth muscles; (ІІІ, VІІ, ІХ, Х). • Sensory column. • Lateral tosulcus limitans; derive fromalar plate; accept central processes of sensory ganlia cells; • General viscerosensory – close tosulcus limitans (VІІ, ІХ, Х). • General somatosensory- intermediate, general sensation from head/face (V) • Specific somatosensory - lateral, hearing and balance impulses (VІІІ)

  8. Organization of brain stem (afterHerrick)

  9. Appearance of brain surface

  10. Course within skull

  11. Exit of skull

  12. Motor, sensory, mixed

  13. Classification • Sensory: only afferent (sensory) fibers • N. Olfactorius • N. Opticus • N. Vestibulocochlearis • Motor: only efferent (motor) fibers • N. Oculomotorius • N. Trochlearis • N. Abducens • N. Accessorius • N. Hypoglossus • Mixed: sensory and motor fibers • N. Trigeminalis • N. Facialis • N. Glossopharyngeus • N. Vagus

  14. Сетивни нерви

  15. N. olfactorius Обонятелна лигавица (СВС)→ For. cribriformes → Bulbus olfactorius

  16. N. opticus Ganglion cell → Canalis opticus → Corpus geniculatum laterale

  17. N. vestibulocochlearis Ganglion Vestibulare (SSA) - Meatus internus acusticus - Nuclei Vestibulares Ganglion Cochlearе (SSA) - Canalis spiralis - NucleiCochleares

  18. Моторни нерви

  19. N. oculomotorius N. oculomotorius • Компоненти • Общо соматомоторни влакна • Общо висцеромоторни влакна • Ядра • nucl. oculomotorius • nucl. accessorius • Поява • sulcus cruris medialis • Ход • латерална стена наsinus cavernosus • Напускане на черепа • Fissura orbitalis superior • Инервация • Mm. recti superior, inferior, medialis; m. obliquus inferior; m. levator palpebrae superioris • M. sphincter pupillae & m. ciliaris • Ganglion ciliare : между n. opticus & m. rectus lateralis

  20. Ganglion ciliare Парасимпатикови влакна от nucleus accessorius n. oculomotorii достигат ganglion ciliare по n. oculomotorius (radix parasympathica) и се прекъсватв него. Сетивни влакна от n. nasociliaris (radix sensoria) и симпатикови влакна от plexus caroticus internus (radix sympathica) преминават през ганглия без да се прекъсват. Парасимпатикови влакна достигат (поnervi ciliares breves) доm. cliliaris (акомодация) и m. sphincter pupillae (свиване на зеницата).

  21. Damage ofn. oculomotorius • Diverging strabismus (squinting) • Double vision • Dilated pupil (mydriasis) • Impaired accomodation

  22. N. trochlearis [IV] Nucleus • Nucl. n. trochlearis (ОСМ) Appearance • Below colliculus inferior Course • Lateral wall of sinus cavernosus Exit • Fissura orbitalis superior Supply • Somatomotorа: • M. obliquus superior

  23. N. abducens N. abducens [VI] Nucleus Nucl. n. abducentis (ОСМ) AppearanceFissura pontomedullaris, Course Thru sinus cavernosus, lateral to а. carotis int. Exit Fissura orbitalis superior Supply Somatomotor: M. rectus lateralis

  24. Converging strabismus (squinting) • Double vision Damage of n. abducens

  25. N. accessorius N. accessorius Nucleus Nucl. ambiguus - caudal (SVM) Nucl. spinalis n. accessorii (GSM) Appearance Sulcus retroolivaris – radix cranialis Btw radices ventralis & dorsalis – radix spinalis Course Radix spinalis enters skull thru for. magnum, joinsradix cranialis Exit For. Jugulare - pars cranialis – r. externus inn. vagus - pars spinalis – r. externus Supply M. trapezius, m. sternocleidomastoideus

  26. N. hypoglossus [XII] Nucleus Nucl. n. hypoglossi(GSM) Appearance Sulcus anterolateralis btw oliva & pyramis Course Cisterna basalis Exit Canalis n. hypoglossi Supply Somatomotor: Mm. styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus, own muscles of toungue

  27. N. hypoglossus N. hypoglossus

  28. Mixed nerves

  29. N. trigeminus [V] Components • SVM: from nucleus motorius n. trigemini, muscles of mastication. • GSS влакна: from head and faceto sensory nuclei ofn.trigeminus; neurons in ganglion trigeminale, lying on pars petrosa на os temporale.

  30. Branches • N. ophthalmicus(V1, sensory) exits thru fissura orbitalis superior, enters orbit • Branches • N. frontalis: • N. supratrochlearis • N. supraorbitalis • N. lacrimalis • N. nasociliaris

  31. Supply: Sensory: • Dura mater cerebri • Eye • Nasal mucosa • Skin epicranial&eye area, back of nose Sympathetic fibersform. dilator pupillae. From upper Th segments, thru superior cervical ganglion. Reach branches ofa. carotis interna

  32. N. maxillaris (V2, sensory) • Exit thru foramen rotundum • Branches • N. infraorbitalis • N. zygomaticus • N. alveolaris superior • N. pterygopalatinus

  33. Supply: • Dura mater cerebri • Teeth – upper jaw • Nasal& oral mucosa • Skin btwn eyes and mouth

  34. N. mandibularis (V3, mixed) • Exit thru foramen ovaleи enters fossa infratemporalis • Branches • N. auriculotemporalis • N. buccalis • N. lingual • N. alveolaris inferior • Nn. for masticatory muscles

  35. Supply: Sensory: • Dura mater cerebri • Teeth and gums of lower jaw • Mucosa and floor of mouth • Anterior 2/3 of tongue • Skin temporal area, ear, below mouth Motor: Muscles of mastication, m. mylohyoideus, venter anterior m. digastricus

  36. Facial Nerve VII • Somatic Motor - facial expressions • Autonomic Motor - salivary and lacrimal glands, mucous membranes of nasal and palatine mucosa • Special Sensory - taste on anterior 2/3’s of tongue • Damage produces sagging facial muscles and disturbed sense of taste (no sweet and salty)

  37. Branches of Facial Nerve Clinical test: Test anterior 2/3’s of tongue with substances such as sugar, salt, vinegar, and quinine; test response of tear glands to ammonia fumes; test motor functions by asking subject to close eyes, smile, whistle, frown, raise eyebrows, etc.

  38. N. facialis [VII] Components • SVM from nucleus n. facialisfor muscles of expression • GVM(n. intermedius)fromnucleus salivatorius superior,interrupt inganglion pterygopalatinum & ganglion submandibulare. Postganglionic fibersreachglandulae lacrimalis, submandibularis & sublingualis • SVS(n. intermedius)from taste buds in anterior 2/3 of tongue, neurons in ganglion geniculi of n. facialis reaching nucleus tractus solitarii • GSS skin external ear

  39. Course Thru meatus acusticus internus, canalis facialis и for. stylomastoideum, enters gl. рarotidea, formingplexus intraparotideus and giving offfive branches for muscles of expression

  40. Branches in canalisn.facialis • Chorda tympani: joins n. lingualis ofn. mandibularis • Tate in anterior 2/3 of tongue • Interrupt in ganglion submandibulare, postganglionic fibers reaching gl. submandibularis и gl. sublingualis

  41. N. petrosus major: GVM fibers to ganglion pterygopalatinum, postganglionic fibers thru n. zygomaticus & n. lacrimalis reachgl. lacrimalis • N. stapedius: for m. stapedius

  42. Branches ouside the skull • Rr. temporales • Rr. zygomatici • Rr. buccales • R. marginalis mandibulae • R. coli

More Related