READING TOEFL Meet 26

1. READING TOEFLMeet 26 Matakuliah : G0794/ Bahasa Inggris Tahun : 2007

2. Contents • Indirectly answered questions • Answer implied detail questions correctly • Answer transition questions correctly • TOEFL exercises

3. Reading Indirectly Answered Questions. • Some questions in the Reading section of both the paper TOEFL test and the computer TOEFL test will require answers that are not directly stated in the passage. • To answer these multiple-choice questions correctly, you will have to draw conclusions from information that is given in the passage. • Two common types of indirectly answered questions are (1) implied detail questions, and (2) transition questions.

4. Reading Skill 6: Answer Implied Detail Questions Correctly • You will sometimes be asked to answer a multiple-choice question about a reading passage by drawing a conclusion from a specific detail or details in the passage. • Questions of this type contain the words implied, inferred, likely, or probably to let you know that the answer to the question is not directly stated. • In this type of question, it is important to understand that you do not have to “pull the answer out of this air.” Instead, some information will be given in the passage, and you will draw a conclusion from that information.

5. Reading Look at an implied detail question from the paper TOEFL • The Hawaiian language is a melodious language in which all words are derived from an alphabet of only twelve letters, the five vowels a, e, I, o, u and the seven consonants h, k, l, m, n, p, w. Each syllable in the language ends in a vowel, and two consonants never appear together, so vowels have a much higher frequency in the Hawaiian language than they do in English. • This musical-sounding language can be heard regularly by visitors to the islands. Most Hawaiian speak English, but it is quite common to hear English that is liberally spiced with words and expressions from the traditional language of the culture. A visitor may be greeted with the expression aloha and may be referred to as a malihini because he is a newcomer to the island. The visitor may attend and outside luau where everyone eats too much and be invited afterwards to dance the hula. • The Question: • Which of the following is probably NOT a Hawaiian word? • mahalo • mahimahi • meklea • moana

6. Reading • To answer the above question, you should refer to the part of the passage where it states that in the Hawaiian language two consonants never appear together. • From this, you can draw the conclusion that the answer ( C ), mekla is probably not a Hawaiian word because the consonants k and l appear together, so answer ( C ) is the best answer to this question.

7. Summary

8. Reading Skill 7: Answer Transition Questions Correctly • You will sometimes be asked to answer a multiple-choice question about what probably came before the reading passage (in the preceding paragraph) or what probably comes after the reading passage (in the following paragraph). • You must draw a conclusion to determine what is probably in these paragraphs. • This type of question is a transition question. • It asks you to demonstrate that you understand that good writing contains transitions from one paragraph to the next. • A paragraph may start out with the idea of the previous paragraph a way of linking the ideas in the two paragraphs. • A paragraph may also end with an idea that will be further developed in the following paragraph.

9. Summary

10. EXERCISES • TOEFL Exercise 6, Passage 1. Eskimos need efficient and adequate means to travel across water in that the areas where they live surrounded by oceans, bays, and inlets and dotted with lakes and seas. Two different types of boats have been developed by the eskimos, each constructed to meet specific needs. The kayak is something like canoe that has been covered by a deck. A kayak is generally constructed with one opening in the deck for one rider; however some kayaks are made for two. Because the deck of a kayak is covered over except for the whole (or holes) for its rider (or riders), a kayak can tip over in the water and roll back up without filling with water and singking. One of primary of uses of kayak is for hunting. The umiak is not closed over, as is the kayak. Instead, it is an open boat that is built to hold ten to tweleve passangers. Eskimos have numerous uses for the umiak which reflects the size of the boat; e.g. the umiyak is used to haul belongings from campsite to campsite, and it is used for hunting larger animals that are too big to be hunted in a kayak. 1.It is implied in the passage that if a kayak has two holes, then 2.It can be inferred from the passage that an example of the animals mentioned might be • It accommodates two riders • It is less stable than a kayak with one hole • It is as large as an umiak • It cannot be used on the ocean • a kangaroo • a snake • a whale • a salmon

11. EXERCISES • Passage two Two types of trees from the same family of trees share honors in certain respects as the most impressive of trees. Both evergreen conifers, the California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) are found growing natively only in the state of California. The California redwood is found along the northern of the state, while the giant sequoia is found iland and at higher elevation, along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas. The california redwood is the tallest living tree and is in fact the tallest living thing on the face of the earth: the height of the tallest redwood on record is 385 feet (120 meters). Though not quite as tall as the California redwood, with a height of 320 feet (100 meters), the giant sequoia is nonetheless the largest and most massive of living things; giant sequoia have been measured at more than 100 feet (30 meters) around the base, with heights of more than 6,000 tons. 3.It is implied in the passage that 4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Sierra Nevadas are • the leaves of only the California redwood turn brown in the autumn • the leaves of only giant sequoia turn brown in the winter • the leaves of both types of trees in the passage turn brown in the winter • the leaves of neither type of trees in the passage turn brown in the winter • a type of giant redwood • a coastal community • a group of lakes • a mountain range