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The Chemistry of Elements in the Periodic Table

Explore the classification of elements in the Periodic Table based on atomic structure, arrangement, groups, families, and properties. Learn about metals, nonmetals, metalloids, transition metals, and noble gases.

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The Chemistry of Elements in the Periodic Table

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  1. Topic: Chemistry 11/15/11 Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table? Do Now: What is the Periodic Table of Elements?

  2. Meet the Elements • Write down all of the ELEMENTS you see in this video. It goes by quickly, so pay attention!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  3. I am Dmitri Mendeleev! I made the PERIODIC TABLE !

  4. Periodic Table System of classifying all known elements

  5. Element Key

  6. Atomic number # of protons (# of electrons) Never changes Different for each element

  7. Element Key

  8. Atomic mass Measured in atomic mass units Protons = 1 amu Neutrons = 1 amu Electrons = 0.0006 amu

  9. Mass # Protons + neutrons Round atomic mass to nearest whole #

  10. ATOMIC STRUCTURE Atomic number the number of protons in an atom Atomic mass the number of protons and neutrons in an atom number of electrons = number of protons

  11. # of neutrons Mass # - atomic #

  12. Topic: Chemistry 11/16/11 Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table of Elements? Do Now: • Determine the: • Atomic # • Atomic Mass • Mass # • d. # of protons • e. # of electrons • f. # of neutrons 48 112.41 112 48 48 112-48 = 64

  13. How are elements arranged? Increasing atomic number

  14. How do you read the PERIODIC TABLE? Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Mass/Weight

  15. QUICK REVIEW • ATOMIC # = ? • 6 • # OF PROTONS = ? • 6 • ATOMIC MASS = ? • 12.01 • MASS #= ? • 12 • # of NEUTRONS = ? • 12 – 6 = 6

  16. GROUPS/ FAMILIES Columns Elements have similar BUT NOT identical properties

  17. PERIODS Rows (7) Elements not alike in properties Left to right  atomic # increases

  18. 2nd Period 6th Period

  19. 3 Classes of Elements

  20. 1. Metals 88 elements to left of zigzag line

  21. Physical Properties • 1. Luster = shiny • 2. Ductile = pulled into wires

  22. 3. Malleable = hammered into sheets/shapes • 4. Good conductors= transmit heat/ electricity easily

  23. 2. Nonmetals To right of zigzag line

  24. Physical Properties • 1. No luster (dull) • 2. Brittle (break)

  25. Sulfur • 3. Poor conductors

  26. 3. Metalloids Semi-metals Properties of metals & nonmetals

  27. 2 sides touch zig-zag line

  28. Group 1 Alkali Metals Soft, white, shiny metals Highly reactive

  29. Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals White and malleable Reactive, but less than Alkali metals

  30. Alkaline Earth Metals • Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature. • Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca)

  31. Groups 3-11 Transition Metals Good conductors Jewelry (Au, Ag) Bond in a variety of shapes & colors

  32. Uses of Transition Elements • Chromium’s name comes from the Greek word for color, chrome. • Many other transition elements combine to form substances with brilliant colors.

  33. Uses of Transition Elements • Mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature. • Mercury, which has the lowest melting point of any metal (–39°C), was used in thermometers and in barometers. • Mercury is poisonous to living beings.

  34. Uses of Transition Elements • Most transition metals have higher melting points. • The filaments of light bulbs are made of tungsten, element 74. • Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal (3,410°C) and will not melt when a current passes through it.

  35. Group 13 Boron Family Aluminum

  36. Group 14 Carbon Family Contains elements important to life and computers.

  37. Group 15 Nitrogen Family Nitrogen & phosphorus important in living things.

  38. Group 16 Oxygen Family

  39. Topic: Chemistry 11/17/11 Aim: How are elements classified in the Periodic Table of Elements? Do Now: Identify the group of the periodic table being described: • Salt formers • Very reactive metals • Group 2

  40. Group 17 Halogens reactive nonmetals “salt-former” form salts with alkali metals (sodium)

  41. Uses of the Halogens Chlorine Bromine Iodine Fluorine Photographic film Tear gas Flame retardants Pharmaceuticals Disinfectant Halogen lamps X- ray diagnosis Salt additive Thyroid treatment Cancer treatment Toothpaste Water treatment Non stick coatings Water disinfection Hydrochloric acid Plastics Bleaches

  42. Group 18 Noble Gases Inert Gases Very unreactive gases Used in lighted “neon” signs

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