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CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2. A Living Planet. Earth. Third planet from the sun Distance from the sun= 93 million miles. Our Solar System. Consists of nine known planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto).

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CHAPTER 2

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  1. CHAPTER 2 A Living Planet

  2. Earth • Third planet from the sun • Distance from the sun= 93 million miles

  3. Our Solar System • Consists of nine known planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto). • Pluto is now being termed a dwarf planet because it is so small compared to the other eight planets.

  4. There are other celestial bodies that orbit the sun in our solar system • Celestial- of or related to the sky or visible heavens. • In our solar system there are comets and asteroids that orbit space.

  5. Mercury • 1st planet ( One third the size of earth)

  6. Venus • 2nd planet from the sun and hottest in solar system.

  7. Earth • 3rd planet from the sun. (Only planet that can support the human race).

  8. Mars • 4th planet (known as the “Red Planet”)

  9. Jupiter • 5th and largest planet in solar system

  10. Saturn • 6th planet (Could fit earth in this planet over 9 times)

  11. Uranus • 7th planet from the sun (Has the least mass of all planets)

  12. Neptune • 8th planet (This planet has eight different moons).

  13. Pluto • 9th planet from the sun (Smallest of all the planets).

  14. The Earth’s Structure • Core- the earth’s center, made up of iron and nickel. • Mantel- a rock layer about 1,800 miles thick that is between the earth’s crust and the earth’s core. • Crust- the thin rock layer making up the earth’s surface.

  15. Lithosphere- the solid rock portion of the earth’s surface. • Atmosphere- the layers of gases immediately surrounding the earth.

  16. Hydrosphere- the waters comprising the earth’s surface (oceans, seas, rivers & lakes). Biosphere- the part of the earth where plants and animals live.

  17. Pangaea Comes from a Greek word meaning “all earth”.

  18. Continental Drift • The hypothesis that all continents were once joined into a supercontinent that split apart over millions of years.

  19. Chapter 2 Section 2 • Bodies of Water & Landforms

  20. Anyone passing through our solar system would be attracted to the blue planet. They would know that the blue color indicated water on Earth. They would know that where there is water there is probably life. They might try to meet us. We, the blue planet stand out as a beacon to all. James Irwin

  21. Water • Both fresh and salt water are required for life to exists on our planet. Water supports plants, animals and helps distribute heat on the earth.

  22. Oceans & Seas • Oceans, which are salt water sources, cover nearly 71 percent of our planet. • The oceans are really just one large body of water, but it has been divided into 4 parts. (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Artic Oceans)

  23. Circulation of Salt Water • Currents • Waves • Tides The motion of the ocean helps distribute heat on the planet.

  24. Hydrologic Cycle • The continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans and the earth.

  25. Lakes • 95% of all fresh water on earth is in lakes. • Lake Baikal in Russia is the largest freshwater lake, volume wise, in the world. Contains 18% of all the freshwater on earth. • Saltwater lakes develop due to changes in the earth’s surface that cut off outlets to the sea.

  26. Rivers & Streams • Move water to or from larger bodies of water. • Connect into drainage systems. • Drainage basin- an area drained by a major river and its tributaries.

  27. Body of Water Facts • Mariana Trench- Deepest spot in the Pacific Ocean. (35,797 ft. deep) • Lake Titicaca in Peru is over 12,000 ft. above sea level. Highest Navigable Lake • Dead Sea, considered a lake but called a sea. 1,370 ft. below sea level. • Largest Freshwater Lake area wise is Lake Superior. • Largest Freshwater Lake volume wise is Lake Baikal. Over 5,300 ft. deep

  28. Facts Continued • Pacific Ocean- Largest Ocean (Nearly 1/3 of earth’s surface). • Artic Ocean- Smallest Ocean (10 times smaller than the Pacific Ocean). • Nile River- Longest River (4,125 miles) • Amazon River- Largest River with water flow • Roe River- Shortest River (200 ft.) • Angel Falls- Highest Waterfall (3,212 ft.)

  29. Landforms • Natural features on the earth’s surface. Examples include: Valley, glacier, mountain, canyon, cliff, plateau, volcano, mesa, etc.

  30. Chapter 2 Section 3 • Tectonic Plates- enormous moving plates of the earth’s lithosphere. • Volcanoes and earthquakes occur due to shifting/moving of tectonic plates. • Internal forces that shape the earth’s surface begin beneath the lithosphere.

  31. Movement of Tectonic Plates • Spread or move apart • Subduction, or diving under another plate • Collision, or crashing into other plates • Sliding past each other

  32. Boundaries of plate movement • Divergent • Convergent • Transform

  33. Earthquakes • Earthquakes are violent movements of the earth. • Fault- fracture in the earth’s crust • Seismograph- device used to detect earthquakes.

  34. Damage of Earthquakes • Landslides • Fires • Collapsed buildings

  35. Richter Scale • C.F. Richter developed this scale to measure the amount of energy released by an earthquake.

  36. Tsunami • Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, giant wave in the ocean, to occur. • Can travel as fast as 450 mph. Waves can be as high as 50 to 100 ft. high.

  37. Volcanoes • Volcano- a natural event formed when magma, gases, and water from the lower part of the crust or mantle collect in underground chambers and eventually erupt and pour out of cracks in the earth’s surface.

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