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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Name one major event that happened over Christmas Break…(think of things you heard about on the news). The First Humans. Chapter 1. Early Humans. Prehistory refers to the time period before writing was developed

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • Name one major event that happened over Christmas Break…(think of things you heard about on the news)

  2. The First Humans Chapter 1

  3. Early Humans • Prehistory refers to the time period before writing was developed • The study of early humans depends on archaeological, anthropological and biological information

  4. Early Humans • Archaeology is the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind • They examine artifacts which includes pottery, tools, paintings, weapons, and buildings of early people • They are able to tell social and military structure

  5. Early Humans • Anthropology is the study of human life and culture • They examine human fossils (remains) to determine how people lived their lives • They are able to tell what type of diet and how they died

  6. Early Humans • One of the most important jobs for these scientists is dating their finds to determine when and where the first humans emerged • They use three methods to accomplish this process: • Radiocarbon Dating (Uses C-14) • Thermoluminescence dating (soil) • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

  7. Early Humans • Australopithecines, also known as “southern apes” • Earliest human like creatures • 3-4 million years old • Found only in Africa • Discovered by Donald Johanson • First hominids (humans and other creatures that walk upright) • Kenyanthropus platyops was recently discovered, anticipated to be 3.5 million years old

  8. Early Humans • Homo erectus, “upright human being” • Used larger, varied tools • First humans to move away from Africa (moved to Asia & Europe) • Knew how to use fire and could keep warm • Approx. 1.5 million years old

  9. Early Humans • Homo sapiens, “wise human beings” • Developed about 250,000 years ago • Broke into two groups: Neanderthals and Homo sapiens sapiens • Neanderthals • First found in Neander Valley, Germany (in SE Asia and Europe) • Dated between 100,000 and 30,000BC • Used stone tools and first to bury dead • Made clothes from the skins of animals they ate

  10. Early Humans • Homo sapiens sapiens • Appeared 150,000-200,000 years ago • Began moving out of Africa 100,000 years ago • Possible killed off the Neanderthals around 30,000BC • Only moved 2-3 miles per generation away from Africa • It took tens of thousands of years to populate the world • By 10,000BC they were found throughout the world • Today all humans are a part of this subgroup of human beings

  11. Early Humans • Paleolithic Age (2,500,000-10,000BC) • Greek for “old stone” • Hunters and gathers • Developed better tools such as the spear, arrowhead, bows, harpoons and fish hooks • Nomads (moved from place to place) to follow food/water • Women typically stayed close to camp and dealt with the children while gathering fruits/nuts, etc. • Men did most of the hunting • They passed on their skills to their children

  12. Early Humans • Paleolithic Age (con’t.) • Typically shelter themselves in caves • As they developed they used poles and skins to make tents • The adaptability to fire was important since it was a source of warmth and way to scare off predators • Fire also gave them the ability to cook • Fire kept humans alive during the last Ice Age which occurred ~100,000BC and ended ~ 8,000BC

  13. Early Humans • Cave paintings • Art has been around since the Paleolithic Age • Paintings found in Lascaux, FR and Altamira, SP were dated around 25,000-12,000BC • Most paintings were realistic animals, humans were drawn as stick figures • Some historians believe that the paintings were done for religious reasons while others believe it was simply aesthetically pleasing

  14. Assignment • Complete the worksheets that go with Chapter 1, Section 1 in you book.

  15. Bell Ringer • What was life like for cave men? Remember what we talked about yesterday.

  16. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • Neolithic Age (8,000-4,000BC) • Neolithic is Greek for “new stone” • The difference between Neolithic and Paleolithic is that the Neolithic began to farm and store animals on a regular basis (systematic agriculture) • The domestication of animals added a steady source of meat, milk, and wool • This gave humans more control over their environment

  17. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • Farming began in SW Asia between 8,000-5,000BC with wheat and barley • By 4,000BC it had spread to Europe • In Africa they began planting yams and tree crops like bananas • By 5,000BC rice was grown in SE Asia • In the Western Hemisphere Mesoamericans (inhabitants of present day Mexico and Central America) grew beans, squash and maize • They also domesticated dogs and fowl

  18. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • More permanent settlements are established as early as 8,000BC in areas like Jericho (Palestine) • Because they didn’t always have to look for food, they began doing other things • Some became artisans, making jewelry and weapons and would trade with others • Shrines to gods and goddesses were built including statues

  19. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution • Houses and structures were built for protection and storage • People began specializing in one craft (division of labor) which encouraged trade • The plants they planted are still used for food today • The role of men became more dominant (farming, working) while the role of woman became to stay at home with children, weave, and turn milk into cheese

  20. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • The use of metals marked the end of the Neolithic Age • Between 3,000-1,200BC is referred to as the Bronze Age • Bronze is a mix between copper and tin which is stronger • The period after that is the Iron Age • Societies during these periods become more complex • Built armies and walled cities • Settled in river valleys such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China

  21. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • Culture is the way of life that people follow • A civilization is a complex culture in which large numbers of human beings share a number of common elements • There are six important characteristics that include: cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art

  22. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • Cities: built on rivers early on, large populations • Governments: organize and regulate human activity, first governments were monarchs (led by one ruler-king or queen) • Religion: believed to be important to the success of the city, priests would supervise rituals for the gods which gave them special power, rulers also claimed their power was based on divinity

  23. The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization • Social Structure: economic power divided the people into an upper class (priests, rulers, warriors) lower class (everybody else) and a slave class, organized trade grew between neighboring societies • Writing: used to keep records and express creativity • Art: temples and pyramids were built for worship and sacrifice, usually contained paintings and sculptures of gods and goddesses

  24. Assignment • Continue working on worksheet packet

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