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Advanced Component Characterization and Modeling

Advanced Component Characterization and Modeling. From Small-Signal to Large-Signal - All in One -. Outline. Introduction Component Characterization A Large-Signal Network Analyzer The Absolute Calibration The MT4463 - The Hardware The MT4463 - All in One - MT4463 Modules

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Advanced Component Characterization and Modeling

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  1. Advanced ComponentCharacterization and Modeling From Small-Signal to Large-Signal - All in One -

  2. Outline • Introduction • Component Characterization • A Large-Signal Network Analyzer • The Absolute Calibration • The MT4463 - The Hardware • The MT4463 - All in One - • MT4463 Modules • High - Impedance Probing • Real-Time PA Analysis • Measurement-Based Behavioral Modeling • Component Characterization and Modeling Services • Conclusion

  3. A Vector Network Analyzer f0 LINEAR BEHAVIOR f0 f0 Measurement System Measurement System Transistor RFIC System Transistor RFIC System Experiment 1 Superposition Experiment 2 • Analysis f0

  4. Component Characterization • DC Characterization • S-parameters at different bias points (option: pulsed) • Nonlinear Characteristics: Compression, AM-AM and AM-PM, TOI, Harmonic Distortion, Spectral Re-growth, Source- and Load-pull etc …. ???? STRAIGHTFORWARD MANY POSSIBILITIES

  5. Vector Network Analyzer Power Meter Power Meter Power Meter Power Meter Power Meter Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Active HF Vector Signal Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer Vector Signal Generator Component Characterization Source and Load Tuning 50 Ohm Termination Linear S-parameters Compression Delivered Power Harmonics Compression Harmonics In-circuit Inspection Oscilloscope Different Setups for different aspects without systematic approach Spectral Regrowth How to help the circuit designers, needing good models?

  6. Realistic Stimulus Realistic Stimulus A Large - Signal Network Analyzer f0 2f0 3f0 ... NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR Measurement System Transistor RFIC System • Meas-based model • REPRESENTING IN • Frequency (f) • Time (t) • Freq - time (envelope) • MEASURING • Travelling Waves (A, B) • Voltage/Current (V, I) AT THE COMPONENT PORTS Characterization Analysis

  7. Component Characterization under CW Stimulus All voltages and currents or waves are represented by a fundamental and harmonics (including DC) X1 X2 X0 X4 X3 Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 2 DC 4 3 2 DC 4 3 Z1 DUT Z2 Freq. (GHz) 1 2 DC 4 3 Complex Fourier coefficients Xh of waveforms Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 2 DC 4 2 3 DC 4 3

  8. Component Characterization under Modulation Phase X1(t) Amplitude X2(t) X4(t) X0(t) Phasor Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 Modulation 2 DC 4 3 2 DC 4 time 3 time X3(t) Slow change (MHz) Z1 DUT Z2 Fast change (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 2 DC 4 3 time Complex Fourier coefficients Xh(t) of waveforms Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 time 2 DC 4 2 3 DC 4 3 time

  9. Component Characterization under Periodic Modulation Phase X1i Amplitude X0i X2i Phasor X3i Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 Periodic Modulation 3 2 DC 3 2 DC Z1 DUT Z2 Freq. (GHz) 1 2 DC 4 3 Complex Fourier coefficients Xhm of waveforms Freq. (GHz) Freq. (GHz) 1 1 3 2 DC 3 2 DC The class of signal is extendable to any type of multi-tone signal

  10. Large-Signal Network Analyzer Response Acquisition Stimulus 50 Ohm or tuner Modulation Source Reference Planes Calibration Complete Spectrum Waveforms Harmonics and Periodic Modulation

  11. Acquisition in LSNA Sampling Converter Filter Filter PC Acquisition Unit Filter Filter LO

  12. LP Harmonic Sampling - Signal Class: Continuous Wave fLO=19.98 MHz = (1GHz-1MHz)/50 1 MHz RF 2 MHz 50 fLO 100 fLO 150 fLO 3 MHz 1 2 3 IF Bandwidth IF 3 2 1 Freq. (MHz)

  13. LP Harmonic Sampling - Signal Class: Narrowband Modulation fLO=19.98 MHz = (1GHz-1MHz)/50 1 MHz RF 2 MHz 100 fLO 50 fLO 150 fLO 3 MHz 1 2 3 IF Bandwidth IF 3 2 1 Freq. (MHz)

  14. LP Harmonic Sampling - Signal Class: Broadband Modulation BW 2BW MHz Adapted sampling process BW RF 150 fLO 1 2 3 Freq. (GHz) IF Freq. (MHz) BW of Periodic Broadband Modulation = 2* BW IF data acquisition

  15. Practical Limitations of LSNA • Large-Signal Network analysis will be performed using periodic stimuli • one - tone and harmonics • periodic modulation and harmonics • other types of multi - tones are possible • The devices under test maintain periodicity in their response

  16. LSNA Calibration Response Acquisition F0=1GHz Stimulus 50 Ohm or tuner Modulation Source Reference Planes Calibration Actual waves at DUT Measured waves 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 7 relative error terms same as a VNA Absolute magnitude and phase error term freq

  17. Relative Calibration: Load-Open-Short Acquisition {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} Load Open Short 50 Ohm 50 Ohm {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} f0 = 1GHz Acquisition Thru 50 Ohm 50 Ohm Calibration for all multi - tones

  18. 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz freq Power Calibration Amplitude {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} Acquisition {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} 50 Ohm Power Meter f0 = 1GHz

  19. 1GHz 2GHz 3GHz freq Phase Calibration Phase {f0, 2 f0, …, n f0} Acquisition f0 ... Harmonic Phase Reference 50 Ohm 50 Ohm f0 f0 = 1GHz

  20. Measurement Traceability Phase Cal Relative Cal Power Cal Agilent Nose-to-Nose Standard (*) EOS (demonstrated already with NIST) (NIST) National Standards (*) Licensed to Maury and NMDG

  21. MT4463 MT4463B - 50 GHz MT4463A - 20 GHz

  22. Adapting MT4463 to different needs Modulation Characterization DC IV Characterization Active HF Component Characterization Small-Signal Large-Signal Adding … DC Capability Adding … Modulation Capability Accurate Complete MT4463A/B Active Tuning Passive Tuning Under different Impedance Conditions Adding … Tuners Adding … Pre-match Tuner … Second Source

  23. MT4463A - 20 GHz Harmonic Phase Reference Amplifier Power Meter Power Sensor Pulse Generator PC Acquisition Unit System Source Sampling Converter Test Set Test Board

  24. MT4463B - 50 GHz Harmonic Phase Reference Amplifier Power Meter Power Sensor Pulse Generator PC Acquisition Unit System Source Sampling Converter Test Set - Calibration Module Test Set - Reflectometers

  25. The Test Set - 50 GHz - On Wafer MT4466B001 Calibration Module Reflectometer Reflectometer

  26. The Software LSNA v1.1.0 • DC Characterization (using script) • Small - Signal: S-parameters • Large - Signal: Provides calibrated measurements of voltages and currents or incident and reflected waves in reference planes at the device under test under periodic stimulus in mismatched conditions • Graphical User Interface supporting basic functionality • Control • Data Visualization • Open system • Powerful scripting language to develop own applications • API to connect into your tools • MATLAB • LabVIEW ...

  27. Easy control via GUI Configure System Calibrate System SOLT LRRM TRL De-embedding Modulation Ranging Save data

  28. Calibration using GUI SOLT Calibration In this case: DC is not applied via bias tees but separately via port 3 and 4 DC calibration eliminates the cable losses

  29. From small - signal to large - signal with ONE connection Commercial available FET in fixture Test Port 2 Test Port 1 Bias Control Absolute Calibration Deembedding Synthesizer Control Vgs = -0.3 V Vds = 1.5 V

  30. Measuring S-parameters Persistency mode Power Control at Port 2 Power Control at Port 1 S11 S12 Markers S21 S22 Frequency Range:600 MHz – 20, 40 or 50 GHz (depending on Test Set and Source) Supported Calibration techniques:SOLT, LRRM, TRL

  31. Large-Signal Measurements - CW - Voltage/Current Time domain

  32. Large-Signal Measurements - CW - Voltage Waves Time domain

  33. Large-Signal Measurements - CW - Voltage/Current Frequency domain

  34. DC-IV curve and load line Small-signal - 50 Ohm Termination Large-signal - non-50 Ohm Termination Large-signal - 50 Ohm Termination

  35. Input and Load impedance under CW Impedance at 2nd harmonic non-50 Ohm Termination Impedance at fundamental non-50 Ohm Termination

  36. Periodic Modulation - Multi-tone generation Carrier Modulation Tones Generation of Multi-tone

  37. Large-Signal Measurements - Modulation - Voltage/Current Frequency domain

  38. Large-Signal Measurements - Modulation - Voltage/Current Zoom into one of the spectral components Frequency domain

  39. Large-Signal Measurements - Modulation- Voltage/Current Frequency - Time domain

  40. Dynamic AM/AM and AM/PM (two-tone 2kHz spacing)

  41. Dynamic HDA(two-tone 2kHz spacing)

  42. Powerful Scripting Language Fast development of prototypes and new applications, exploiting all MT4463 capabilities, using Mathematica™

  43. Connecting to your development tools Stimulus Response DLL Connection via LabVIEW C-callable Talk to your instruments through your own tools • Data export • Citifile • Table • CSV Connection via C-program Connection via others

  44. Pin (dBm) 5 8 10 12 13 14 15 In-Circuit coherent and calibrated HF Signal Probing(*) (*) With courtesy of CNES and IRCOM

  45. Real-Time PA Analysis - Setup (optional) 2f0 MT4463 i1 i2 Triplexer f0 DUT f0 v1 v2 3f0 (optional) Offset + smart signal to scan amplitude and phase

  46. Real - time PA Analysis and Load pull Power source on-wafer FET 2 GHz vG=-0.9V vD=3.0V Gain Reactive Power Harmonic Power...

  47. Real-time load-pullCompared to classical load-pull max Pdel 10.13 dBm 10.04 dBm harmonics (0.1 dB) @ 68.5 + j 8.5 W71.7 + j 7.1 W flat surface 4 additional points: |D| < 0.1 dB

  48. mismatch power equid. sweep region grid a2 Measurement - Based Behavioral ModelSetup and boundaries setup

  49. Integration of model into simulator (ADS) • FDD + DAC • component • CITI file • regular grid • no triangulationrequired

  50. Verification of model (load-pull) contours based on HBsimulations on regular polar grid using MBBM imported into ADS contours based on classical load-pulldata imported into ADS after triangulation

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