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Animal Digestion

Animal Digestion. What are Nutrients ?. parts of food which provide for growth, maintenance, body functions Carbohydrates (CHO) Fats Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water. What is a Ruminant ?. Animals with more than one compartment in their stomach Chew their cud (re-chew food)

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Animal Digestion

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  1. Animal Digestion

  2. What are Nutrients? • parts of food which provide for growth, maintenance, body functions • Carbohydrates (CHO) • Fats • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals • Water

  3. What is a Ruminant? • Animals with more than one compartment in their stomach • Chew their cud (re-chew food) • Cows, sheep, goats • Cows have four compartments in their stomachs

  4. NonRuminants • Foragers: Horse, rabbit • NonForagers: pig, poultry

  5. How much to feed? • Depends on function of animal • Pregnant, Lactating, Working, Growing • How often to feed Depends on stomach size & rate of metabolism Stomach size is relevant to amount of feed fed

  6. What foods give energy? • Carbohydrates (starch & cellulose) & Fats • Fat = 2 1/2 times energy of CHO • Energy is major part of a feed ration • Up to 90% of a ration for a steer • Measured in Kilocalories or TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients)

  7. What are Proteins? • Used to build muscle, body tissue • Made of amino acids • Ruminants can make some proteins • Simple Stomachs need specific amino acids

  8. What are Minerals? • Natural elements which regulate certain body functions • Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, Zn, Mo, Se, I, Co • Most are trace minerals

  9. What are vitamins? • Compounds responsible for certain functions • Fat Soluable = A, D, E, K • Water Soluable = B, C

  10. What are additives? • Antibiotics: disease prevention • Coccidiostats: control parasites • Xanthophyll: makes egg yolks yellow • Hormones: increase growth • Tranquilizers: calm nerves (cattle, turkeys) • Antioxidants: prevent feed from getting rancid • Pellet Binders: keep in pellet form • Flavoring Agents: make taste better

  11. Livestock Feeding • Roughage = high fiber, low energy • Concentrate = low fiber, high energy

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