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g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro -lj=;+= !^!^–!(!$_. dxf ;]gfgL k|]dl;+x a:Goft, Ph.D. la=;+= !*)! cuf8L g]kfndf ePsf /fHox?. afO;] /fHox?. O8]g jl;G6f6{n] ;g !(&@ df k|:t't u/]sf] laj/0f - s'n hDdf M—@@_. h]xf/L -Ko'7fgsf cwLg_ sfnfufp + -Ko'7fgsf cwLg_ uf]l/ofsf]6 u'tfd uh'/
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g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro -lj=;+= !^!^–!(!$_ dxf ;]gfgL k|]dl;+x a:Goft,Ph.D
la=;+= !*)! cuf8L g]kfndf ePsf /fHox? afO;] /fHox? O8]g jl;G6f6{n] ;g\!(&@df k|:t't u/]sf] laj/0f -s'nhDdfM—@@_ • h]xf/L -Ko'7fgsf cwLg_ • sfnfufp+-Ko'7fgsfcwLg_ • uf]l/ofsf]6 • u'tfd • uh'/ • lanf;k'/ • h'Dnf • 5fd • hfh/sf]6 • c5fd • ?3df • d'l;sf]6 • /f]Nkf • dlNnhGtf • ynx/f • aNxfª • b}n]v • 8f]6L • bfl/d]sf -bfdf{_ • ;Nofgf • af+kmL • dflNnofG6f
8f= /fhf/fd ;'j]bLn] la=;+= @)%$ df k|:t't u/]sf] ljj/0f -s'n —$! /fHo_ • h'Dnf • 8f]6L • b}n]v • b'Nn' • c5fd • bgf{ • uf]tfd • ;Nofg • dfNg]6f • l5NnL • hfh/sf]6 • bfª • afh'/f • ynf/f • aemfª • ?s'd • d'l;sf]6 • af+kmL • bfdf{ • y'gL -la:sf]6_ • ;fGgL • v'd|L • uh'n • hxf/L
8f= /fhf/fd ;'j]bLn] la=;+= @)%$ df k|:t't u/]sf] ljj/0f -s'n —$! /fHo_ • dhfn • kmnfjfª • w"nLsf]6 • af];fsf]6 -la:sf]6_ • e\mofsf]6 • vf+8frqm • leªu|L • a8fufp+ • sfnfufp+ • af]u6fg • hª\sf]6 • ;fttnf • ladsf]6 • /f]Nkf • kf+hfvf]nf 9fsf9fd • 5fGgf • 3'3'/sf]6
rf}aL;] /fHox? • nDh'ª • sf:sL • tgx'+ • unuf]6 • kj{t • g'jfsf]6 • k}o" • ;tx'+ • eL/sf]6 • u/x' • /L;Lª • 3L/Lª • 9f]/ • kfNkf • u'NdL • c3f{ • vf+rL • w"sf]6{ • 6fsL{ • d';Lsf]6 • O:df • uf]vf{ • Ko'7fg • hfh/sf]6
afO;] / rf}aL;] afx]ssf /fHox? • dsjfgk'/ • ljhok'/ • rf}bG8L • sf7df8f}+ • eQmk'/ • nlntk'/
g]kfn Plss/0f lj=;+=!^!^ df b|Jo zfxn] lnulnu sf]6 /fHo v8f u/] kl5 ;'? ePsf] xf] . n]vssf] ljZn]if0fdf lgDg kfqx? g]kfn Plss/0fsf kxnstf{ x'gM– • /fhf b|Jo zfxM– lnulnu sf]6 /fHosf] :yfkgf u/L pkNnf] sf]6 / tNnf]sf]6 ;d]t lht]/ uf]vf{ /fHosf] :yfkgf u/] . uf]vf{ eGg] gfdfs/0f pg}n] u/]sf lyP . • /fhf /fd zfxM– s's'/3f6 Onfsf lht]/ uf]vf{df ufe]sf lyP .
a8fdxf/fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxM– pgn] r]k] gbL b]lv k"j{, l6i6f gbL ;Dd Plss/0f u/] . t/ ljhok"/ -w/fg_ tyf ;Kt/L If]qdf lsrnf] 5b} pgL k/nf]s eP . • /fhf k|tfkl;+x zfxM– pgn] ljhok"/ ;Kt/L / lrtjg Onfsfsf] s]xL k|b]z g]kfndf ufe] . • /fgL /fh]Gb|nIdL zfxM– pgn] r]k] gbL b]lv klZrdsf tgx', nDh'ª / sf:sL Plss/0f u/fOg . • /fhs'df/ axfb'/ zfxM– pgn] sf:sL b]lv klZrd, lsNnf sf+u8f;Dd -xfn;Dd Plss/0f ePsf k|b]zsf] sl/j % u'gf a9L_ Plss/0f u/] .
sdfG8/–Og–lrkm led;]g yfkfM– pgn] kfNkf /fHonfO{ g]kfndf ufe] . of] axfb'/ zfxsf] ;;'/fnL /fHo lyof] . Plss/0fdf kfNkfn] k};f, ;]gf / cGo s'6g}lts ;xof]u lbP/ HjfO axfb'/ zfxnfO{ ;3fPsf] lyof] . To;}n] axfb'/ zfxn] kfNkf /fHonfO{ g]kfndf ufe]sf lyPgg\ . • k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'/ s'Fj/ /f0ffM– g]kfn c+u|]ho'4df g]kfnn] u'dfPsf k|b]z dWo pgsf] s'6g}lts rfn afhLdf jt{dfg af+s], alb{of / sGrgk"/ -goFf d'n's_ c+u|]hjf6 g]kfnnfO{ lkmtf{ lbnfP .
g]kfn Plss/0fsf] ?k/]vf -la=;+= !^!^-!(!$ -s'n @(* jif{_ /fhs'df/axfb'/ zfx sf+u8f -/fhf u[jf{0fo'4_ d'df a8fdx/fgL /fh]Gb| nIdL /fhf /fd zfx a8fdxf/fhf k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx /fhf bAo zfx gof+ d'n's afs], abL{of, s}nfNL s+rgk'/ s's'/3f6 tgx' ndh'ª sf:sL kfNkf lnulnusf]6/uf]vf{ >L # h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff l6:6f gbL ;Kt/L, df]/ª /fhf lujf{0fo'4 ljqmdsf] ;dodf hg/n led;]g yfkf k"gZrM :s]r :s]n cg';f/sf] 5}g >f]tM d=;]= k|]dl;+x a:Goft /fhf k|tfkl;+x zfx
g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] ckJofVof M— d'Vo ?kn] xfn cfP/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / pgsf] ;Gtfgn] lalaw hghftL /fHox? x8kL zfx a+zLo /fHo v8f u/]/ ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kIfdf ;d]t uf]vf{nLs/0f u/] eGg] /x]sf] 5 .
ckJofVofaf6 /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf cfpg ;Sg] r'gf}tLx? M • ;fdflhs ;b\efj vnalnO{ /fli6«o Pstfdf cg]stf x'g] • hftLo g/;+xf/ x'g ;Sg] • lab]zL 3'; k}7 a9\g ;Sg] • b]zsf] lav08g x'g ;Sg]
;d:ofsf] Go"gLs/0f ug]{ ;+efJo pkfox? • ;dfj]zL tl/sfn] k|f1x?sf] 6f]nL agfO{ g]kfnsf] ;lx O{ltxf; k'g{n]vg u/L, To;nfO{ sIff % b]lv dlfyNnf] tx;Dd k9fO{ u/fpg' kg]{ . • tTsfnsf] nflu ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] ;lx O{ltxf; af]Ng / n]Vg ;Sg] k|f1 tyf lab\x?nfO{ 6]lnlehg, kq klqsf / k|jrg dfkm{t P]ltxfl;s ;Totf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ k|aGw ldnfpg] . • k|f1 jf la1x?af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] sDtLdf klg x/]s /fhg}lts bnx?sf] s]lGb|o sfof{nodf g]kfn PsLs/0f af/]sf] ;lx O{ltxf;af/] k|jrg lbnfpg] .
;lx af:tljstf • g]kfn eg]sf] sf7df8f}+ dfq xf]Og / pkTosfsf dNn /fhfx? Iflqo dNn lyP . • g]kfnleq slx klg hflto /fHo lyPg . • lnDa'jfg eGg] /fHo lyPg / Toxf+ uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] cfqmd0f u/]sf] klg lyPg .