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Dr. Om P. Gupta Iridium Satellite LLC 20th August 2008

Dr. Om P. Gupta Iridium Satellite LLC 20th August 2008. 1. Iridium NEXT Partnership for Earth Observation Exploiting Global LEO Constellation for New Remote Sensing Capabilities. Iridium Background. 2. Headquarters - Bethesda, MD Commercial Operations

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Dr. Om P. Gupta Iridium Satellite LLC 20th August 2008

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  1. Dr. Om P. GuptaIridium Satellite LLC20th August 2008 1 Iridium NEXT Partnership for Earth ObservationExploiting Global LEO Constellation for New Remote Sensing Capabilities

  2. Iridium Background 2 • Headquarters - Bethesda, MD • Commercial Operations • Single Commercial Gateway in Tempe, AZ • Connects All Commercial Traffic With the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) • Operated by Iridium Personnel • DoD Gateway in Hawaii • Performs Similar Function for USG Users • Satellite Network Operations Center (SNOC) • Main Facility in Leesburg, VA • Technical Support Center (TSC) in Chandler, AZ • Back-up Operations Center (BOC) Facility in Chandler, AZ • TTAC Sites • Yellowknife, Canada, Iqaluit, Canada • Chandler, Arizona, Fairbanks, Alaska • Svalbard, Norway Corporate History Gateway – Tempe AZ Headquarters - Bethesda, MD

  3. MSV Orbcomm 3% 3% Globalstar 9% Thuraya 13% Inmarsat 49% Iridium 23% Iridium - Fastest Growing MSS provider • Fastest growing Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) player in a growing market • MSS market growing at 14% annually • Strong and consistent financial performance • Revenue and EBITDA growth through innovation and execution • FY 2007 revenue - $260 M versus $212 M in 2006, a 23 % increase • FY 2007 EBITDA - $73.6 versus $53.8 M in 2006, a 37 % increase • First half of 2008 has seen continued growth and acceleration of business • 280,000 subscribers at the end of Q2, 08 • 38% higher than Q2, 07 Total 2007 Revenues: $1.1 billion Total MSS Market Share 2007 Source: Euroconsult 2007 Revenue estimate

  4. Global Network Providing Unique Capabilities • World’s largest and most sophisticated commercial network of 66 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) polar orbiting satellites with inter-satellite links • Low time latency worldwide • High availability and built-in redundancy •  Cross linked network in space • Global ubiquitous coverage – pole to pole, all oceans & land masses any terrain including polar routes

  5. Iridium NEXT – Our Second Generation 5 • Iridium has begun plans to replace current constellation • Launches to begin around 2013 • Maintain unique attributes – 66 satellite LEO architecture, inter-satellite links, global coverage, security, availability • Backward compatible for existing customers • Leveraging improved data speeds, subscriber technology, core technology improvements in batteries, processors, solar cells to provide a design to cost solution with enhanced services • Platform for globally interconnected secondary payloads • New Enhanced Services • Flexible allocation of bandwidth • Voice 4.8 Kbps • Data services (9.6 Kbps to 1 Mbps) • Broadcast and Netted services • Transportable Ka Band; up to 10 Mbps service • Private Network Gateways NEXT offers new high performance global services; Exciting new communications platform for space applications

  6. New Opportunity for Earth Observations • Unique opportunity to host 66 Earth observation payloads on Iridium constellation in a manner that can revolutionize earth observation • Unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage using a constellation approach • Real-time data for now-casting and disaster early warning • Initial analysis by JPL, ESA and others has shown that a significant number of priority climate missions for monitoring global climate and environmental change can be flown on the Iridium NEXT constellation • Opportunity to carry sensor missions that may provide data for 10- 15 years • NEXT Launches begin in 2013 with operational life beyond 2030 including spare launches • Public-Private Partnership - sharing of infrastructure with commercial systems offers potential to augment the current and planned GEOSS programs in a cost effective way • Majority of infrastructure satellites and launch funded by commercial venture • Majority of on-going operations funded by commercial business • Share real-time communications backbone ground segment • Cost effective- < 20% the cost of dedicated science missions Earth Observation community can get unprecedented data capability without a traditional space segment procurement

  7. NEXT Constellation General Information • System Specifications • Constellation : 66 Satellites in 6 planes of 11 • Orbit: Polar at 780 km • Inclination: 86.4o • Pointing / knowledge: 0.10o accuracy (Design goal) • Period: 100.5 minutes per orbit • Launch: 2013 – 2016 • Satellite Design Life: 10 years (Design goal) • Mission Life: 15 years to beyond 2030 • Risk Mitigation: 6 in-orbit spares, additional ground spares • Autonomous initialization / earth capture / deployment sequence • SV capable of 48 hour unattended operation

  8. NEXT Secondary Payload Parameters • Preliminary Secondary Payload Sensors Specifications • Missions: Single or multiple mixed missions • Payload Weight: 50 kg • Payload Dimension: 30 x 40 x 70 cm • Payload Power: 50 W average (200 W peak) • Payload Data Rate: <1 Mbps • Two way data communications through constellation to sensor for command and control and telemetry purposes • Iridium will manage SV slot location and position planning to support secondary mission as best as possible • Detailed secondary payload interface and concept of operations to be developed in 2008 with the input of the secondary payload partners

  9. Revolution in EO Operations Other satellites to use NEXT communications backbone 66 Satellites • A unique opportunity for: • 66 (+ 6 in-orbit + 6 hanger spares) EO payloads (Current EO total = 138) • 15 year mission life (v. 5 years or less for many missions) • Cost effective (Iridium needs to pay for satellites & launch anyway) • Unprecedentedspatial and temporal coverage (Now-casting) • Synoptic ground-truth & observation (Surface TX/RX to observing sat.)

  10. NEXT Earth Observation Missions 10 10 • Early analysis by JPL, GEO and ESA recommended several missions be assessed • JPL analysis assessed fit with NRC Decadal Survey recommendations • Sensor selection fully exploits a constellation approach to Earth Observation • Sensor selection maximizes capability with synergistic set of sensors • Sensor sets do not duplicate existing or planned missions, but augmented data sets obtained from those missions • GEO working groups have been formed: CNES, and South Africa DST are evaluating options in more detail

  11. Combinations of Multiple Secondary Payloads 11 • Flying GPSRO (24 off) allows for a second payload to be carried in addition to GPSRO: • Cloud Wind Vector Monitor – 12 to 24 off ( e.g. Boreas for Polar wind monitoring) • Atmospheric Chemistry (limb or nadir) – 6 off • Gamma radiation from space (zenith) – 6 off • Land imagers (set up specifically) – 6 off • Space Weather Predictions - GPSRO in combination with Plasma Drift Meters enables coronal mass ejection imagery

  12. Iridium NEXT Infrastructure EO Ground Segment Data processing, management and distribution • IP Socket • Data circuit Iridium Gateway Switch Ground Segment Infrastructure End Users Iridium Satellite Network Iridium EO Data Interface EO Data Collection • The mesh architecture of Iridium network enables near-real time collection and transmission of this data to the NEXT Earth Observation Ground segment • Iridium ground segment consists of satellite operations sites, gateways for business operations, TT&C sites, and a network of remote earth station terminals • Data will be collected at the Iridium gateways and transmitted in to agency servers for further processing and dissemination • A dedicated NEXT EO server can be hosted at the Iridium gateway • Agencies will also be able to send a minimum set of commands using the feeder links NEXT Earth Observation Ground Segment Iridium NEXT ground infrastructure to collect data from the constellation Secure, real-time data routing to processing infrastructure LEVEL 0 LEVEL1 LEVEL 2 &3

  13. Costs - Perspective v Other Missions Study performed by Futron Corporation looking at economics of heritage mission compared to a hosted payload approach Evaluated 13 missions, publicly available costs of build, deployment, operations Compared mission cost per sensor per year Atmospheric Chemistry Multi-spectral Imager Radar Altimeter GPS Occultation Radiometer Conventional Cost NEXT Shared Cost 5-20% cost of conventional missions

  14. Costs - Iridium and Hosting Public Private Partnership Guests benefits from Iridium’s $6.1B total investment in communications system NEXT constellation capital 2008-1016 ($2.7B) Operating expense between 2014-2030 ($2.4B) Sustaining capital and spares 2010-2030 ($1.0B) Iridium benefits by gaining customer that offsets infrastructure and operating cost 14 Guests Iridium Sensor selection Sensors build and integration Data processing, calibration Data dissemination NEXT system design, build and launch Sensor integration support Satellite operations Ground segment and communications Secondary Payload Hosting Cost Secondary Payload Operations Cost Sensors Integration & test NEXT Communications Infrastructure Payload dependent Payload dependent $0.5M - $1M per year $6.1B Iridium makes majority of infrastructure investment; Guest offsets this with a “data buy”; Enables comprehensive data set through 2030 and beyond

  15. PPP Management Approach Under the Public Private Partnership, the mission responsibilities can be allocated between customer, the science community, and Iridium as described below Iridium is open to other approaches also 15 15

  16. MISSION CONCENSUS & ACTIVITY 10/09/06 Trident suggests EO to Iridium. Trident review to Iridium in 03/07 suggests 6 payloads with HERITAGE INSTRUMENTATION OF PRIME IMPORTANCE 01/2007 GEO involvement - top down politics e.g. 11/2007 GEO IV Ministerial Summit in Cape Town 20/06/07 ESA : “ System Aspects of EO Payloads on the Iridium Constellation” Based on the Position Papers (all published in 2006) 09/09/07 JPL/NASA : Review agrees with ESA 06/06/08 CNES: Support in Space News in June. 2007/08 NOAA: Strong support with internal working groups and through Offices of Commerce, Science & Technology Policy, Management and Budget.05/08/08 NOAA RFQ issued (next slide) 2007 EUMETSAT carried out a internal review 22/01/08 Bottom up: e.g. Royal Society meeting in January 2008 discussed the science of the proposed missions (proceedings on www.iridium.com) 05/2008 GEO in Geneva: USA, Norway, Spain, Canada, France, South Africa, Sweden metCalled for Climate Change Mission Review to report:13/10/08 Altimetry Mission (CNES) ERB (Imperial College, RAL) Ocean Colour (ACRI) GPSRO (JPL) 16 16

  17. Program Milestones • The milestones below identify the key decision points for integrating secondary payloads into the NEXT constellation • Iridium recommends that earth observation customers create a program plan with Iridium that focuses efforts on near term activities: • To define mission priorities, details, funding and acquisition model • Protect the option of flying secondary payloads on NEXT • Ensure that overall secondary payload program synchs with NEXT procurement time line 17 17

  18. EO SENSOR DEVELOPMENTS • Iridium already has reduced short list of NEXT Primes to two Thales-Alenia & Lockheed-Martin. Briefed on secondary payload. • Summary of technical challenges from ESA and JPL Altimeter: Moderate development of Ku sensor from Thales-Alenia Radiometer: Minor adaptations; GERB type sensor from RAL; CERES from UCAR Imager: Moderate developments: Likely to be a version of MERIS from Thales and DST in South Africa Occultation: Minor adaptations; ROSA from Thales-Alenia GPSRO from SAAB Space; Blackjack from Broadreach All satellites will have the capability of carrying RO. Under Assessment :Threshold; Breakthrough; Objective observations Accuracy; Spatial & Temporal resolution; Data Delay

  19. GPS Radio Occultation 19 Sounding of atmospheric humidity & temperature; Electron content of ionosphere & density profiles Description: GPS receivers; Limb antennas Number: Min 12 sensors, 2 in each plane Swath: Limb viewing; 800 soundings each per day Time scales: <<1 hr Tracking extreme weather events 1 hr Weather now-casting 1 week Weather forecasting 1 year Seasonal variations 10 year Climate variability; hydrologic cycle

  20. Earth Radiation Budget 20 Description: Broadband radiometer; 0.2 to 50 um Number: Up to 18 sensors, 3 in each plane Swath: ~2000 km Time scales: <1 hr Data into weather forecasts 1 hr Monitoring of heat waves 1 day Day-night variation in radiative fluxes 1 week Improved forecasting 1 year Seasonal variations in ice and cloud albedo 10 year Inter-annual variations >10 year Key parameter to monitor and predict global climate change Measuring the Earth’s radiation budget

  21. Radio Altimeters 21 Description: Radar altimeter; Ka (or Ku) band Number: Up to 24 sensors, 4 in each plane Swath: 5-10 km, nadir pointing Time scales: <<1 hr Tsunami early warning; flood & wave now-casting 1 hr Sea surface & significant wave height, wind speed; storm surges 1 day Tides, currents and eddies 1 month Lunar cycles; El Niño events; hydrology 1 year Ocean circulation patterns 10 year Inter-annual variations and changes >10 year Prediction of sea level rise & changes in circulation Monitoring sea-surface height, wave height, wind speed; ice height

  22. Ocean Imagers 22 Description: Spectral range dedicated or multi-spectral; UV-VIS-IR Number: Minimum of 12 sensors, 2 in each plane Swath: 80 to 240 km; 30 to 100m resolution Time scales: Ocean color (OC): 1 day Coastal diurnal variation; marine operations & fisheries 1 year Seasonal changes (N & S hemisphere) Terrestrial: 1 day Disaster remediation; wildfires 1 year Deforestation; desertification; crops Ice: 1 day Ice extent 1 year Seasonal and inter-annual changes in fields For ocean color and ice extent

  23. Ocean Imagers 23 Description: Spectral range dedicated or multi-spectral; UV-VIS-IR Number: Minimum of 12 sensors, 2 in each plane Swath: 80 to 240 km; 30 to 100m resolution Time scales: Ocean color (OC): 1 day Coastal diurnal variation; marine operations & fisheries 1 year Seasonal changes (N & S hemisphere) Terrestrial: 1 day Disaster remediation; wildfires 1 year Deforestation; desertification; crops Ice: 1 day Ice extent 1 year Seasonal and inter-annual changes in fields For ocean color and ice extent

  24. Multiple Mission Sensors 24

  25. What will this do for you?

  26. Summary A unique opportunity has been identified to host up to 66 climate instruments on the Iridium NEXT LEO constellation Launches start in 2013 and the constellation operational life will extend beyond 2030 The opportunity is proposed as a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) allowing for the sharing of infrastructure with commercial communications satellites in a cost effective way Several pricing and acquisition models developed that can significantly reduce the total life cycle costs for hosting a climate sensor Iridium recommends immediate interaction with potential customers. Please contact us. Contact information is included on the next slide 26 26 Iridium is committed to work expeditiously with potential secondary payload customers to make this once in a lifetime opportunity a reality!

  27. Dr. Om P Gupta Director, Strategic Market Development Iridium NEXT Iridium Satellite LLC 6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300 Bethesda, MD 20817, USA T: +1 301-571-6229 F: +1 301-571-6250 M:+1 443-812-9724 Email: Om.Gupta@Iridium.com Web: www.Iridium.com Contact Information

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