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SPINAL CORD AND NERVES

SPINAL CORD AND NERVES. Outline. Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves. Outline. Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex

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SPINAL CORD AND NERVES

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  1. SPINAL CORD AND NERVES

  2. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves

  3. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves

  4. Spinal cord • Continuation of medulla oblongata • From C1 to L1-l2 • Surrounded by meninges dura mater, arachnoid and pia mater) • Cerebrospinal fluid surrounding it • Epidural space: between vertebra and dura mater (fatty tissue + blood vessels) • Lumbar puncture between L2-L3 or L3-L4

  5. Spinal cord

  6. Spinal cord • Internal gray matter: presence of neurons relaying and integrating motor/sensory impulses • Fiber tracts: sensory and motor

  7. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves

  8. Arc reflex • Arc reflex (fast and involuntary)

  9. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves

  10. Sensory tracts

  11. Motor tracts

  12. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray matter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves

  13. Cranial nerves

  14. Cranial nerves • I - Olfactory • II - Optic • III - Oculomotor • IV - Trochlear • V - Trigeminal • VI - Abducens • VII - Facial • VIII - Auditory • IX - Glossopharyngeal • X - Vagus • XI - Accessory • XII - Hypoglassal

  15. Olfactory nerve

  16. Optic nerve

  17. Oculomotor nerve

  18. trochlear

  19. Trigeminal nerve • Motor and sensory

  20. shingles

  21. Abducens nerve

  22. Facial nerve • Motor and sensory

  23. Bell’s palsy

  24. Vestibulocochlear nerve

  25. Sensory Motor 75% autonomic Vagus nerve

  26. Accessory nerve

  27. Accessory nerve

  28. Hypoglossal nerve

  29. Outline Spinal cord - General considerations - Gray natter: arc reflex - White matter: Sensory and motor tracts Nerves - Cranial nerves - Spinal nerves

  30. Spinal nerves • Originate at the root between each vertebra 31 pairs • Formed by the fusion of the sensory and motor roots • Organized into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves

  31. Spinalnerves

  32. Spinal nerve structure

  33. Dermatomes

  34. Spastic paralysis • The upper motor neuron, located in the motor cortex has been destroyed (by a stroke, for example) the lower motor neuron can still be stimulated by reflex arc and trigger movements (which are involuntary and spastic)

  35. Flaccid paralysis • The lower motor neuron located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord is damaged  no impulse can reach the muscle fibers  no contraction

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