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SECTION 9-3 Representative Articulations. Intervertebral articulations. Gliding joints Vertebral bodies form symphyseal joints cushioned by intervertebral discs Outer anulus fibrosus and inner nucleus pulposus Stabilized by ligaments. Figure 9.7 Intervertevbral Articulations. Figure 9.7.
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Intervertebral articulations • Gliding joints • Vertebral bodies form symphyseal joints cushioned by intervertebral discs • Outer anulus fibrosus and inner nucleus pulposus • Stabilized by ligaments
Figure 9.7 Intervertevbral Articulations Figure 9.7
Shoulder joint (glenohumoral joint) • Glenoid cavity and head of humerus • Ball and socket diarthroses • Stabilized by ligaments • Strength and stability sacrificed for range of motion
Figure 9.9 The Shoulder Joint Figure 9.9a
Figure 9.9 The Shoulder Joint Figure 9.9b
The elbow joint • Permits only flexion and extension • Hinge diarthroses • Reinforced with strong ligaments PLAY Animation: Clavicle & Scapula
Hip joint • Ball and socket diarthroses • Acetabulum and head of femur • Permits flexion/extension, abduction/ adduction, circumduction, rotation • Stabilized by numerous ligaments
Figure 9.11 The Hip Joint Figure 9.11
Knee joint • Hinge joint with incomplete articular capsule • Formed by the condyles of the femur and the condylar surfaces of the tibia • Accessory structures help stabilize lateral movements • Permits flexion/extension, limited rotation • Supported by ligaments PLAY Animation: Hip
Figure 9.12 The Knee Joint Figure 9.12a, b
Figure 9.12 The Knee Joint Figure 9.12c, d
Joint problems with aging • Joint problems associated with aging • Relatively common • Rheumatism – general term for pain and stiffness in muscular and skeletal elements • Arthritis – all rheumatic diseases affecting synovial joints
Musculoskeletal system • Encompasses the extensive interactions between the muscular and skeletal systems
You should now be familiar with: • The major categories of joints, and the relationship between structure and function for each. • The structure of a synovial joint. • The dynamic movements of the skeleton. • The types of synovial joint, and the relationship of structure to function in each.
You should now be familiar with: • The structure and function of the vertebrae, shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints. • The relationship between joint strength and mobility. • The effects of aging on the joints.