Tuesday, February 6 th

1. Tuesday, February 6th • Blue Book Wkshts & Shoes Essay • Discuss notes • Pass out notes • Review • Intro to Bones & Bones of the Skull, Chest, and Back

2. Review • Diseases • Osteomyelitis • Osteoporosis • Rickets • Fractures • Greenstick • Simple • Compound • Joints

3. Introduction to Bones& Bones of the Skull, Chest, & Back

4. Anatomical View

5. Terms • Anterior • Front or toward the front • Posterior • Back or toward the back • Prone • Lying face down • Supine • Lying face up

7. Terms • Medial • Toward the midline of the body • Lateral • Away from the midline of the body • Proximal • Toward the beginning of the structure of the body • Distal • Away from the beginning of the structure of the body

8. Terms • Flexion • To bend • Extension • To straighten • Adduction • To go toward the midline of the body • Abduction • To go away from the midline of the body

9. Purpose of Bones • Lever for movement • Provide structure and support • Protection of Internal Organs • Store minerals

10. Structure of Bones • 67% of bone is mineral • Calcium • Magnesium • Sodium • Potassium • 33% is connective tissue • Bones form in two ways • From membranes (ex. Bones in your skull) • Ossification (minerals that harden to form your bones)

11. Parts of the Bone • Shaft • Narrow part of bone between the 2 ends of the bone • Periosteum • Outside of the bone tissue • Compact Bone • Layer under the periosteum • Very Hard

12. Parts of the Bone • Spongy Bone • Cavities at the ends of bone that act as shockabsorbers for “weight bearing” • Red Bone Marrow • Makes red and white bloodcells, an adult has no red bone marrow in the shaft • Yellow Bone Marrow • Fat Cells

14. Bones as you age • As a baby: • Bones are made of cartilage • As you grow: • Bones ossify and become heavier and harder • As you grow old: • You loose minerals and bones become weaker • Ex. Osteoporosis – loss of calcium from the bone

15. Joints • A joint is a place where 2 bones make contact • Types of joints are: • Immovable • Partially Movable • Freely Movable

16. Types of Joints • Immovable • Skull • Sacrum • Coccyx • Partially Movable • Vertebrae • Ribs to Vertebrae • Sacroiliac

17. Types of Joints • Freely Movable • Ball and Socket • Shoulder • Hip • Hinge • Elbow • Knee • Finger • Toe • Jaw • Pivot • Forearm • Head on neck • Gliding • Wrist • Ankle

18. Ball and Socket

19. Hinge

20. Pivot

21. Gliding

22. Bones of the Skull • 2 Divisions of the skeleton • Axial Skeleton • The skull, vertebral column (backbone), ribs and sternum • Appendicular Skeleton • Bones in the arms, hands, legs, feet, and shoulders

23. Bones of the Skull

24. Axial Skeleton • Skull – 29 bones • 22 form the frame of the head • Have zigzag joints in the skull, makes it stronger • 6 facial bones – immovable joints • 7th bone is the jawbone (mandible) largest bone in the skull, movable

25. Bones of the Skull

26. Wednesday, 2/7 • Review • Finish Backbone & Chest • Start on Bones of the Upper Extremity • Leave time to discuss the rest of the week • Hand back papers • Friday: Progress sheets

27. Review • Terms • Anterior/Posterior • Medial/Lateral • Supine/Prone • Proximal/Distal • Flexion/Extension • Adduction/Abduction

28. Review • Purpose of bones • Bones as you age • 6 parts of the bone • Joints • Ball-and-socket • Hinge • Gliding • Pivot

29. Backbone • Also knows as the spinal column • Consists of 33 bones and its function is to protect the spinal column

30. Regions of the Backbone • Cervical Vertebrae • 7 vertebrates, found in the neck and • Function: Hold up the head • Has lots of flexibility • Thoracic Vertebrae • 12 vertebrates • Function: supports the chest • LumbarVertebrae • 5 vertebrates found in lower back • Function: weight bearing area, largest and strongest vertebrae • Sacrum • 5 vertebrates fused to the hip area • The sacrum and hip bones are called the pelvis • Coccyx • 3-5 fused vertebrates • Common name is Tailbone

31. Spinal Column

32. Chest • Chest • Also known as the ribs and sternum • Protects the heart and lungs • Expands and contracts • Sternum • The flat bone in the middle and front of the chest • Anchor for the ribs and muscles to attach • Protects the heart

33. Ribs • 12 pairs of ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae on back • True Ribs • Top 7 pair that attach to the sternum • False Ribs • Middle 3 pair that extend up to the sternum • Floating Ribs • Bottom 2 pair that donot attach to the sternum

34. True Ribs

35. False Ribs

36. Floating Ribs