What could MOZAIC do for GMES ?

1. What could MOZAIC do for GMES ? Andreas Volz-Thomas on behalf of the MOZAIC-Team Jean-Pierre Cammas, Kathy Law, Philippe Nedelec, Herman Smit, Valerie Thouret, Fernand Karcher, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Hans-Werner Pätz, Manfred Helten, Richard Crowther, Gille Athiers, Nobert Houben, ........... MOZAIC was initiated in 1993 by Airbus Industrie and funded by the European Commission for 10 years. Special thanks go to Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, Air France and Sabena for free transportation of the instruments and maintenance.

2. MOZAIC HISTORY MOZAIC I Realisation, Certification, and Installation 1993 - 1996 of Systems aboard 5 AIRBUS A340 O3 and H2O Measurements Operation since August 1994 27 240 Flight Hours MOZAIC II MOZAIC I Operation CO DEVELOPMENT 1996-1999 continued (O3, H2O) 71 431 Flight Hours NOy DEVELOPMENT MOZAIC III MOZAIC I Operation CO, NOy CERTIFICATION 2000-2003 continued (O3, H2O) CO, NOy INSTALLATION MOZAIC III Operation O3, H2O, CO, NOy > 50 000 Flight Hours 17 000 including CO, 7 000 including NOy End of MOZAIC III: 28.2.2004 AVT-ESTEC-2004

3. MOZAIC Operation Aug 1994 – Aug 2003 > 20 000 flights Valérie Thouret – MOZAIC III meeting - January 2004 AVT-ESTEC-2004

4. MOZAIC Products • High Quality Data on: • Climatological information in the UTLS • > 15 000 h/yr • Vertical Profiles • > 4000 /yr • for areas not otherwise covered in-situ • for compounds not otherwise measured Examples to follow AVT-ESTEC-2004

5. % First Climatology in the UT for O3 and H2O Longitude Belt: 10°W - 70°W • Large variability in time and space for relative humidity • Seasonal cycle in tropics • Pronounced seasonal cycle for O3 • Hemispheric assymetry AVT-ESTEC-2004

6. Interannual Variability of UT Ozone Eastern US 35-50°N Europe 35-50°N NAO Index NAO Index Valérie Thouret – MOZAIC III meeting - January 2004 AVT-ESTEC-2004

7. Variability of Ozone in the Troposphere MOZAIC MOZAIC Representativeness of surface sites AVT-ESTEC-2004

8. 15-30% of the UT shows ice super saturation (ISS) • Global models do not reproduce ISS • ISS correlates with sub-visible cirrus Ice Super Saturation in the UT Horizontal extent of ISS regions • Small scale phenomenon(X < 200 km, Z < 2 km) • Difficult to see by satellites • Importance:contrail & cirrus formation; radiative balance; OH formation AVT-ESTEC-2004

9. Upper troposperic NOy (summer) AVT-ESTEC-2004

10. Seasonal Cycle of NOy green: NOy blue: O3 AVT-ESTEC-2004

11. New Information on CO MOZAIC profiles Valérie Thouret – MOZAIC meeting - January 2004 AVT-ESTEC-2004

12. Vertical Profiles of CO AVT-ESTEC-2004

13. CO Plumes over Asia VERTICAL PROFILES OVER BEIJING SUMMER 2003 P. Nedelec, MOZAIC-Workshop, Jan, 2004 AVT-ESTEC-2004

14. MOZAIC CO (ppb) MOPITT CO (ppb) MOPITT – MOZAIC (East Asia) P. Nedelec, MOZAIC-Workshop, Jan, 2004 AVT-ESTEC-2004

15. For a better understanding of Air Pollution, Climate Change, and the UTLS, we need: • Bettermodels • resolution, processes, emissions, ..... • data assimilation • Satellite data • global coverage but cannot resolve UTLS nor vertical structures in the troposphere. • require ground truthing • "MOZAIC" data • high resolution data in the UTLS and vertical profiles but no true global coverage and sampling biases. • Expand coverage (Pacific, SH) • Expand aircraft fleet • Expand parameters (NOx, aerosol, clouds, CO2,.....) • Ground based data • Easy to access, continuous, difficult measurements possible, but sampling bias (representativeness)

16. Model Evaluation & Improvement Improved global chemistry-transport models evaluation with MOZAIC data as part of EU projects TRADEOFF, TOPOZ, RETRO, SCENIC - results used in IPCC (2001) AVT-ESTEC-2004

17. Targeted Variables IGACOGroup 1&Group 2

18. The Cost of MOZAIC Total cost of Operation 1993 - 2003: • Ca. 1 Mio€/yr (total cost) • 500 €/flight (including transportation) => 70 €/hourOR250 €/profileComparable to the cost of a radio sounding But includes O3, CO, NOy, and H2O (>5km)!! plus 6 hours of free data in the UTLS !! AVT-ESTEC-2004

19. Is there a future for MOZAIC ? MOZAIC ends in one month !!! In order to continue, we need: • A sustainable structure with new, smaller instruments that can be installed and maintained on in-service aircraft. This requires: • Instrument development • Certification of intruments according tonew aeronautic rules • Certification of maintenance procedures • (Real-time data transmission for forecasting) => 300 €/flight (45 €/h or 150 €/profile)plus additional parameters (aerosol & clouds) AVT-ESTEC-2004

20. Is there a future for MOZAIC ? • Implementing MOZAIC into the new instruments of FP6 was not successful • Climate & Env.: SCOUT, QUANTIFY, VATICAN • Aeronautics & Space: ECATS • Preparation of a proposal (SSA) underDesign Studies for Infrastructures • Depends on support from users • Continuation of MOZAIC operation "as is" from own ressources is not sustainable for long • Depends on airlines, internal funding, regulations, etc. AVT-ESTEC-2004

21. IAGOS(Integration of routine Aircraft observations into a Global Observing System) • Partners:FZJ, CNRS-LA, CNRM-MF, DLR, UCAM, UMIST • Tasks: • Design and certification of smaller instrument packages (O3, H2O, CO, NOy, NOx, CDP) • Certification of maintenance procedures • Design of small instruments for aerosol (size resolved) for routine operation • Studies for very small packages (O3, H2O, CO2) • Finding a sustainable structure for the operation of the new infrastructure • Design of a real time data transmission system • Estimated Cost (100%): 4 - 5 M Euro (3 years) • Deadline: 4th, March 2004

22. CNRS-LA and FZJ are willing to continue their support ! BUT WE NEED YOUR HELP ! Is there a future for MOZAIC and IAGOS within GMES ??? AVT-ESTEC-2004