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DAEDALUS EC 5th framework: aerosol users survey

DAEDALUS EC 5th framework: aerosol users survey. Olivier Boucher Laboratoire d ’Optique Atmosphérique USTL / CNRS, Villeneuve d ’Ascq, France Gerrit de Leeuw TNO, The Hague, Netherlands and the DAEDALUS team. DAEDALUS: an FP5 GMES project. D elivery of AE rosol pro D ucts for

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DAEDALUS EC 5th framework: aerosol users survey

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  1. DAEDALUS EC 5th framework: aerosol users survey Olivier Boucher Laboratoire d ’Optique Atmosphérique USTL / CNRS, Villeneuve d ’Ascq, France Gerrit de Leeuw TNO, The Hague, Netherlands and the DAEDALUS team

  2. DAEDALUS: an FP5 GMES project Delivery of AErosol proDucts for Assimilation and environmentaLUSe • specially written for the recent • GMES call for proposal of the EESD • 3 year project: Jan 2003 - Dec 2005 • 7 partners: F, B, NL, N, P + JRC • run in parallel with another “aerosol” • EC project (CREATE)

  3. Reasons for getting interested in atmospheric aerosols: • visibility ==> tourism, aviation • air quality issues ==> human health, ecosystems • deposition and acid rain issues ==> ecosystems • climate effect (clear-sky, cloudy-sky) • - anthropogenic aerosols are responsible for a radiative forcing • - anthropogenic aerosols may modify the hydrological cycle • - natural aerosols may response to climate change • satellite atmospheric corrections • ==> retrieval of the properties of ocean, land, and atmosphere • role of aerosol deposition on ocean biology • improvement in meteorological (re)analysis • improvements in weather forecasts ? • depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer

  4. As aerosol concentrations increase and visibility decreases, there is - a whitening of the landscape, - loss of texture, - loss of contrast.

  5. Peat fires, Moscow, September 2002

  6. WP1: Users needs * 2-page questionnaire on tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol products * Questionnaire was sent out by e-mail to over 200 people across Europe * 33 answers received so far (most are users, some producers, some inconsistencies) * Several talks and posters presented at this workshop CERMES, ADEME, EPA Ireland, …

  7. Nature of organization

  8. Role of organization 4 University + 15 Research Centres

  9. Role of persons answering the questionnaire

  10. Areas of interest

  11. Aerosol properties of interest 97% of users interested in aerosols (3% in gas species) 91% of users interested in tropospheric aerosols 38% of users interested in stratospheric aerosols

  12. Geographical area of interest

  13. Present use of aerosol data

  14. Satellite Data 97% of users would consider satellite data if available and in a suitable format Spatial resolution Time resolution (average) Timeliness

  15. Model Aerosol Forecast 67% of users would consider model forecast if available and in a suitable format Spatial resolution Time resolution (average) Timeliness

  16. Conclusions • 200 potential users contacted; 33 answers • Semi-quantitative analysis of answers BUT • each user is unique • we should not try to please an “average” user • some users not covered (aviation, army, ...) • Interest for both tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols • Very positive feeling for satellite data • Positive feeling for model forecast (near real time needed) DAEDALUS / users dinner scheduled at 8.30pm Mexican restaurant 7 Koningin Wilhelmina Boulevard, Noordwijk Reservation for 10 +/-2 people made

  17. http://www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/Daedalus boucher@loa.univ-lille1.fr END Appendix on MODIS Rapid Response Team http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

  18. Terra Aqua TDRSS USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Application Center Direct Broadcast Receiving Station EDOS NOAA/NESDIS University of Maryland Geography Dept Rapid Response System NASA/GSFC GES DAAC NASA/GSFC L1B Data MODIS Rapid Response Project: Data Flow ChartJacques Descloitres – Rapid Response Team December 2001 T+30min Cumulative Fire Maps http://activefiremaps.fs.fed.us Backup Feed L1B Data Updated 3 times daily Active Fire Locations Burn Severity Maps Application-specific products T+4hrs Active Fire Locations Selected Imagery Active Fire Locations GOFC Fire Partners MODIS L0 Data T+2-3hrs T+4hrs Active Fire and Corrected Reflectance http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov NASA Earth Observatory http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov Web Fire Mapper http://maps.geog.umd.edu MODIS home page http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov

  19. Biscuit and Tiller Fires in California and Oregon (08/14/02) – Courtesy of J. Descloitres

  20. MODIS Rapid Response known applications users http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov • USDA Forest Service (Remote Sensing Applications Center, Fire Sciences Lab): fire monitoring within the US, burn severity assessment, smoke monitoring and emissions • National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC): GOFC/GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics) regional networks: fire monitoring across the world • Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation Teams (BEAR): mitigating impacts of fires on water quality and ecology • USDA Foreign Agriculture Service: worldwide crop monitoring and forecasting • Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) and UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR): worldwide fire monitoring and early warning of fire danger • Conservation International: early warning of fires in protected areas across the world • Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and Navy’s Naval Research Laboratory (NRL): worldwide and regional monitoring of dust storms, smoke, fires, volcanic ash, and snow conditions • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Sciences Division: oil well fires and smoke monitoring in Iraq • Dartmouth Flood Observatory: worldwide flood monitoring • University of Cape Town: near-real-time monitoring and early warning of hydrogen sulphide eruptions off Namibia • Canadian Ice Service: operational monitoring of ice conditions in Canadian coastal waters • Earth Observatory: PR imagery and provision of early imagery in response to Natural Hazards

  21. CREATE-DAEDALUS Methods Intercomparison of satellite data Harmonization of in-situ data and format Analysis of network sustainability Aerosol satellite retrievals Quality assurance User survey Training Prototype of aerosol data assimilation systems Modelling HARMONIZED IN-SITU AEROSOL DATABASE & STRATEGY STEPS TOWARDS AN AEROSOL MONITORING SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION OF GMES

  22. Results: information on aerosol 2. Model application

  23. Lessons learned / Recommendations • CREATE • Emission databases are not accurate enough to predict evolution of aerosol fields over Europe • Validation of satellite derived aerosol products is needed from in-situ ground truth and vertical profile (sunphotometer / lidar) data • Measurement programmes should have long term continuity and not subject to vagaries of short term funding • Observational capacity needs to be increased • DAEDALUS • Difficulty in accessing and distributing processed data from ESA • Availability of model results and forecasts should be improved. • No infrastructure for a fully-European network of sunphotometers (e.g., integration of PHOTONS / GAW needed) • Ingredients start to be available for an operational aerosol monitoring system although some work still needed for satellite aerosol retrieval and assimilation techniques.

  24. Ground-based networks AERONET (PHOTONS) aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/photons EARLINET World Data Centre for Aerosols (GAW / WMO) www.ei.jrc.it/wdca/ + EMEP / IMPROVE lidarb.dkrz.de/earlinet/

  25. Atmospheric aerosols are particles of natural or anthropogenic origin in suspension in the air. Typical sizes of 10 nm to 100 m, with different roles of the very fine mode (below 100 nm), accumulation mode (0.1 to 1 m), and the coarse mode (1 to 10 m). Chemical composition varies: sulfate, nitrate, organics, black carbon, sea salt, dust, (may also carry some carcirogenic compounds) Particulate matter: PM1, PM2.5, or PM10. Typical lifetime of 5 to 10 days in the lower troposphere.

  26. United-States • Clean Air act (1977) • ==> IMPROVE network (measurements) • ==> EPA (emissions) • NADP network for acid rain monitoring • Europe • Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollutants • ==> EMEP (emissions, measurements, modelling) • organized in different task forces • includes both gas and aerosol species • Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) • (aims at a long-term, strategic and integrated policy to • protect against air pollution effects on human health and env.) • post-Kyoto? • -black carbon aerosol responsible for global warming • -one of the (official) reason for the US to refuse Kyoto • -measurements of black carbon still very delicate • -we do not know yet how to monitor emissions and sinks

  27. END

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