1 / 155

PAVES THE WAY

BITUMEN. PAVES THE WAY. Bitumen. Multi-utility Binder. Smooth Safe Economical Speed Quiet Environment friendly. Versatile State of-the-art Stage Construction Resistant to de-icing material Serviceability. Advantages. Smooth. Better riding quality Absence of joints

menora
Download Presentation

PAVES THE WAY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. BITUMEN PAVES THE WAY

  2. Bitumen Multi-utility Binder

  3. Smooth Safe Economical Speed Quiet Environment friendly Versatile State of-the-art Stage Construction Resistant to de-icing material Serviceability Advantages

  4. Smooth • Better riding quality • Absence of joints • Estimated 15% increase in pavement life for 50% increase in smoothness • Less wear and tear to vehicle • Lesser fuel consumption • Enjoyable ride

  5. Safe • Better skid resistance over a longer period of time • Use of OGFC reduces Tyre Spray, Hydroplaning and Improves Visibility • Better contrast with pavement markings

  6. Economical • Low initial cost compared to PCC • Gap widens throughout pavement life • A well designed and constructed pavement • Can last for 25 to 34 years without reconstruction • Can serve for 15 year or more before distresses become sufficient to require rehabilitation

  7. Speed of Construction • Newark Airport – 1,15,000MT in 15 days, 11,000MT in 24 hours • Pave during off peak hours and open to traffic as soon as it cools down • Reduces work zone accident • Can result in 80% reduction in user delay costs • 24-hour closure will have 3 to 10 times more vehicles pass through the work zone

  8. Quiet Pavements • Dense graded asphalt is quieter by 2 to 3 dB(A) compared to PCC • 3 dB(A) corresponds to • Doubling the distance in the line of source • Reducing traffic volume by 50% • Reducing traffic speed by 25% • Open graded Friction Course • Reduces noise further • Costs 1/8th of noise barrier on side of the road • Aesthetically superior

  9. Environment Friendly • Used for water proofing of fish ponds without any problem • Very low level of leachable compounds • Most recycled product in the world • 100% recyclable • Second highest - Aluminium cans – 60% • Can use waste material from other fields also like worn out PCC

  10. Versatile

  11. State-of-the-Art • Road design, construction and maintenance methods are being overhauled • New tests being developed • New plants providing high quality materials • Pavers with laser controlled screeds for even smoother pavements • Better material transfer vehicles for uniformity and rollers with increased compactive effort. • The ultimate result of this new technology will be: smoother, more durable, longer lasting asphalt pavements

  12. Stage Construction • Bituminous pavements can be constructed in stages • Being made thicker and/or wider as the need arises • Each successive layer becomes an integral part of the pavement structure, increasing the load carrying capacity.

  13. De-icing Materials • Bituminous pavements are not harmed by de-icing chemicals • Also snow and ice melt quickly from bituminous pavements

  14. Serviceability • Bituminous pavements can easily maintain a high level of serviceability with minimal disruption to the traffic • Can be easily trenched, patched and quickly opened to traffic when underground utilities need to be repaired.

  15. BEAUTIFUL

  16. PERFORMANCE GRADE BITUMEN

  17. BITUMEN TODAY • Penetration/Viscosity based classification • 80/100, 60/70, 30/40 • Penetration, Softening Point, Ductility, Viscosity • Empirical tests done at standard temp., loading, etc. • Ageing is not considered • No direct correlation with actual field conditions • Seems to work somehow – Has stood the test of time • Need to cut inefficiencies – Cost effective More direct correlation between bitumen and road performance is needed

  18. BITUMEN TOMORROW • More direct correlation between road performance and properties of bitumen • Properties desired • Easier handling (mixing, coating, rolling) • Better rutting resistance • Higher fatigue life • Resistance to low temperature cracking - New system of classification to be developed - New tests to be developed

  19. CLASSIFICATION PG 58 -22 Min. pavement design temp. Performance Grade Average 7 day max. pavement design temp.

  20. MIXING AND LAYING • Tested in rotational viscometer • Max. viscosity of 3 Pa-s at 135oC

  21. AGEING OF BITUMEN • During Construction • Early in Pavement’s life • Post construction upto two years • Late in pavement’s life • Seven plus years of life Rotating thin film oven test (RTFOT) RTFOT + Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV)

  22. ROTATING THIN FILM OVEN TEST

  23. PRESSURE AGEING VESSEL

  24. RUTTING • Due to melting of bitumen on the road • Always occurs at max. pavement temp. • Test to be conducted at max. pavement temp. • Tested in Dynamic Shear Rheometer • G*/Sind min. 1 kPa, @ 10 rad/s for unaged bitumen • G*/Sind min. 2.2 kPa, @ 10 rad/s for RTFOT aged bitumen

  25. DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETER

  26. FATIGUE • Due to repeated loading,unloading cycles • Always occurs near the average pavement temp. • Test to be conducted at average + 4OC pavement temp. • Tested in Dynamic Shear Rheometer • G*Sind max. 5000 kPa, @ 10 rad/s for RTFOT + PAV aged bitumen

  27. LOW TEMP CRACKING • Due to loss of elasticity at very low temp. • Always occurs at lowest pavement temp. • Testing done at min. temp. + 10OC • Bending Beam Rheometer • Creep Stiffness of max. 300,000 kPa, m-value min. 0.30 • Direct Tension Test - For Modified Bitumens • Failure strain min. 1%

  28. BENDING BEAM RHEOMETER

  29. DIRECT TENSILE TESTER

  30. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

  31. GRADE BUMPING • Choice of grade depends on max. and min. pavement temperature 20 mm below road surface. • Correction for Traffic speed • > 90 km/h - No Correction • < 90 km/h - Increase one high temp. grade • < 20 km/h - Increase two high temp. grade • Correction for Traffic volume • < 10 million ESAL - No Correction • > 10 million ESAL - Increase one high temp. grade • > 30 million ESAL - Increase two high temp. grade

  32. Bitumen New Trends

  33. Future Trends in Bituminous Roads • ISO Certification of Roads • Road Safety Audit • Performance Based Specifications • Stone Mastic Asphalt • Perpetual Pavements • Foamed Bitumen • Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Bitumen • Sulphur Extended Bitumen Modifiers

  34. ISO Certification of Roads • Growth in EN ISO 9000 certification in European countries • Voluntary activity driven by individual companies or by the national asphalt industry. • To obtain management and marketing tools. • In several countries certification is becoming a regulatory requirement, usually by mutual agreement between suppliers and clients. • Effective quality schedules can be produced only by joint action of supplier and client side of road sector. • If the positive aspects of certification are not taken into account in contract arrangements its introduction will increase the overall cost of asphalt roads

  35. Road Safety Audit • Safety audit applied to • Fresh project proposals • Existing network of roads • Specific existing project • Auditors should be completely independent of the organization involved in development of project. • The audit team comprising of 4-5 people inspect the roads during daytime and also at night. • The team identifies aspects that the road controlling authority does well, as well as the aspects that could be improved.

  36. Road Safety Audits (Contd.) • The team selects aspects and features that were observed on a number of audited roads. • The teams’ recommendations focus on policies and procedures and not on correcting the identified deficiencies. • The team ranks each recommendation on a four point subjective scale. • The draft report in a standard format is reported to the authority for their comments • A formal final report is submitted • Database is developed for all road safety audits

  37. Performance Grade Specifications • Existing Specifications • Most tests are empirical tests and are not directly related to performance on the road • Tests are conducted at one standard temp. • Performance under climatic condition prevailing throughout the year are not evaluated • Only short term ageing is evaluated, that too only in a few cases • Performance grade tests simulate the actual field conditions in a more realistic way

  38. Stone Mastic Asphalt • Increasingly popular Worldwide in heavy traffic roads & airfields. • Even surface gives better riding comfort. • Texture gives good skid resistance & relatively low traffic noise. • Strong aggregate structure provided by the coarse aggregate particles gives excellent resistance to permanent deformation. • Rich mastic, which fills the voids, makes SMA highly durable. • Modified bitumen & Fibres can be used to further enhance the mechanical properties. • Allows thin layer application.

  39. Perpetual Pavements • Structure Lasts 50+ years • Bottom-Up Design and Construction • Indefinite Fatigue Life • Renewable Pavement Surface. • High Rutting Resistance • Tailored for Specific Application • Consistent, Smooth and Safe Driving Surface. • Environmentally Friendly • Avoids Costly Reconstruction

  40. Foamed Bitumen • Mixture of Bitumen (98%), water (1%) and foaming agent (1%) • When hot bitumen (160 to 200OC) comes in contact with cold water (15 to 25OC) • Mixture expands more than 10 times • Forms a fine mist or foam • Foamed bitumen is sprayed on fine aggregate in mixing drums to get a strong flexible pavement material • Used for durable, fast and low cost rehabilitation of existing pavements

  41. Polyphosphoric Acid Modified Bitumen • Lower stripping compared to other bitumens • Reduction in mixing and laying temperatures • Improves fracture strength and ductility • Very low dosage of modifier • Test tracks in the world are still under evaluation but preliminary results are very promising

  42. Sulphur Extended Asphalt Modifier • Odourless pellets consisting of Sulphur, Plasticizers and additives • Is added to the hot mix • Melts and disperses easily • Acts as binder extender and asphalt mix modifier • Environmentally safe • Reduces Bitumen requirement by 30% • Mixing temperature is reduced by 10OC • Higher resistance to rutting, fatigue failure and low temperature cracking • Suitable for perpetual pavements

  43. MODIFIED BITUMEN Binder of the future

  44. Why Modified Bitumen? Demands on Road increasing every year • Increasing Number of Vehicles • Increasing Axle Load • Desire to maintain higher serviceability level • Higher fatigue resistance • Higher resistance to weathering • Better adhesion • Higher stiffness modulus • Lesser cracking, ravelling, deformation & creep failure • Reduce number of overlays • Reduction in vehicle operation cost

  45. Why Modified Bitumen? Another view point • 2.75 million vehicles generate discarded tyres • 30,000- 40,000 tyres are disposed every day • 1,00,000 –1,20,000 tyres will be available by 2021 • Use of CRMB in maintenance of roads can consume 3500 Kg/km non-biodegradable waste rubber

  46. Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen Bitumen + Additives (Modifiers/Treated Crumb Rubber)

  47. Advantages of CRMB • Higher resistance to deformations/ wear & tear • Resistance to reflective cracking • Reduced expense on frequent overlays • Lower susceptibility to temp. variation • Higher resistance to deformation at high temperature • Better Age Resistance Properties • Higher Fatigue Life of Mixes • Better Adhesion Properties • Reduced Noise

More Related