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Understanding Safe Drinking Water Behaviors: Socio-Psychological Review

This multi-country review examines the psycho-social determinants influencing safe water consumption behaviors using health psychology theories. It identifies factors crucial for behavior change interventions, highlighting the importance of targeting specific populations and contexts.

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Understanding Safe Drinking Water Behaviors: Socio-Psychological Review

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  1. Socio-psychological determinants for safe drinking water consumption behaviors: a multi-country review Prof. Dr. phil. et dipl. zool. Hans-Joachim Mosler MSc. Jonathan Lilje Environmental and Health Psychology Environmental Social Sciences mosler@eawag.ch • Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

  2. How can we understand behavior? Promotion of Behavior Person Behavior

  3.  Need to know these behavioral factors How can we understand behavior? Promotion of Water Disinfection Person Factor A Factor C Factor B Factor D Behavioral Factors Drinking disinfected water

  4. Promotion of Water Disinfection • Psychology is the Science of Behavior  For knowing the relevant behavioral factors we should use Health Psychology • Only studies which used behavioral psychological theory Person Factor A Factor C Factor B Factor D Behavioral Factors Drinking disinfected water

  5. The objectives of this review are • to show whether by using psycho-social determinants safe water consumption practices can be explained sufficiently well • to identify determinants which are with great probability useful to be targeted in all environmental and socio-cultural contexts • to recognize determinants which might be specific for different populations • to detect determinants which probably are specific for different safe water practices

  6. We identified a total of 15 studies using health psychology in a quantitative way for explaining safe water consumption behavior • Theories encountered: • Health Belief Model (HBM) (Rosenstock1974) • Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) (Floyd, Prentice-Dunn & Rogers 2000) • Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Fishbein& Ajzen 2010) • Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) (Schwarzer2008) • RANAS Model (Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, Self-Regulation) (Mosler, 2012) • Typesofsafewaterconsumptionbehaviors • 9 studies household water treatment: 5 solar water disinfection, 2 boiling, 1 household level filter usage, and 1 chlorination. • 5 studies on switching to safe sources • 1 study looked at domestic well testing to monitor water quality • 1 study on cleaning behavior of water storage containers 10 Countries: • Benin, Burundi, Chad, Ethiopia (2), Kenya, Zimbabwe • Bangladesh (3), • Bolivia (3), Nicaragua, USA

  7. Template: The RANAS-Model: Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Ability and Self-regulation HBM TPB PMT HAPA Mosler, H.J., (2012). A systematic approach to behavior change interventions for the water and sanitation sector in developing countries: a conceptual model, a review, and a guideline. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 22 (5), 431-449. .

  8. Can psycho-social determinants explain safe water consumption practices? High quality of prediction of different safe water consumption behaviors: average R2 value of .637

  9. Determinants which are with great probability useful to be targeted in all contexts

  10. Determinants which may or may not be targeted in all environmental and socio-cultural contexts

  11. Determinants which are with great probability specific for different populations • Differences can be observed between countries and project settings even within one country • E.g. SODIS usage was determined by a different combination of factors for each of the six different studies • Different combinations of factors explain boiling behaviors in both Burundi and Bolivia. • Switching to safe water sources was also explained by varying psychological factors between - Ethiopia and Bangladesh- even within Bangladesh  Behavioral factors are always specific for populations and countries

  12. Determinants which are specific for different safe water practices Do we find common patterns or systematic differences in the factors identified as relevant for specific target behaviors? No systematic differences in relevant factors from the different types of HWTS options (SODIS vs. boiling vs. filtration vs. chlorination).  No systematic differences between relevant factors for HWTS options compared to switching to safer sources or well testing.

  13. Implications for Practice • Using psycho-social factors nearly all practices over all studied countries can be explained very well (mean explained variance 64%). • Perceived others’ behavior, costs and benefits as well as feelings (e.g. taste) about safe water consumption should nearly always be taken into account in behavior change campaigns. • Confidence in performance (self-efficacy), how-to-do knowledge, perceived others’ approval varied more strongly for different target behaviors but also between specific settings and populations and are thus to be evaluated from case to case. • The individual’s health risk perceptions played a role in only very few cases. • Between countries and between different types of safe water behaviors no systematic differences can be observed. •  These findings highlight the usefulness of a systematic approach using psycho-social behavioral determinants in order to design effective behavior change strategies.

  14. For more information about Systematic Behavior Change:Side event “Systematic behavior change using the RANAS Approach: an introduction and experiences of implementing organizations”Convened by Eawag and HELVETASThursday morning 8:30 – 10:00Windflower

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