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Principles of Learning and Teaching

Principles of Learning and Teaching. Effective Learning. WHAT and HOW ?. Is learning necessarily an outcome of teaching? Concentrate on the quality of understanding

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Principles of Learning and Teaching

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  1. Principles of Learning and Teaching Effective Learning Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  2. WHAT and HOW ? • Is learning necessarily an outcome of teaching? • Concentrate on the quality of understanding • “Cognitive research is revealing that even with what is taken to be a good instruction, many students, including academically talented ones, understand less than we think they do” Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  3. How is What Students Learn Influenced by Their Existing Ideas? • preconceptions versus misconception • “constructing” knowledge • reconstructing/reorganizing • pedagogical content knowledge • pedagogy/andragogy Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  4. How does Progression in Learning Usually Occur? • from concrete to abstract • visual, auditory, tactile and kinesthetic • pictorial? • multiple representations • ... Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  5. What and How do People Learn to Do Well? • only what they practice doing • apply ideas in novel situations • thinking critically, analyzing information, communicating scientific ideas, making logical arguments, working as a part of a team, acquiring other skills Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  6. What does Effective Learning by Students Requires in Terms of Feedback? • analytical, suggestive?, time appropriate • opportunities for students to reflect on that feedback • peer feedback Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  7. How is Performance Affected by Expectations • success in learning => growth in confidence • share experiences: ... Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  8. What is the relationship between Teaching and the Nature of Inquiry? • Consistency: Teaching should be consistent with the Nature of Scientific Inquiry • Start with questions about the nature • Engage students actively • Concentrate on the collection and use of evidence - developmentally appropriate and developmentally interesting …..=> Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  9. => What is the relationship between Teaching and the Nature of Inquiry? • Provide historical/social perspectives • Insist on clear oral and written expression • Use a team approach - collaborative nature of scientific and technological work • Knowing and finding out • Memorization Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  10. How Should Teaching Reflect Scientific Values? • establishing learning environment: “more than a body of knowledge” • curiosity • creativity • imagination • a spirit of healthy questioning • avoid dogmatism • promote aesthetic responses Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  11. How can Teaching Aim to Counteract Science Learning Anxieties? • “Understanding anything is never absolute and it takes many forms” • build on success • equity • group learning • Science is about finding things out Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  12. Should Science Teaching Stay within School? • Extend beyond the school • Rich resources of larger community • Obstacles Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  13. What is the relationship between Teaching and TIME • “more is more” or “less is more”? • concepts must be offered periodically in different contexts and increasing levels of sophistication Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

  14. This presentation was based on American Association for the Advancement of Science (1989). Science for all Americans: Project 2061. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Mara Alagic: "Science for All Americans"

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