Rock On!

1. Rock On! Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock

2. All rocks are made of MINERALS!!!!

3. Minerals inorganic solid materials found in nature. 4,000 different kinds of minerals exist! • Inorganic means not formed by plants or animals. salt quartz graphite

4. All minerals look and feel different from one another. You can use physical properties to tell different mineral apart. calcite silver gold sulfur

5. How minerals form… • From melted rock inside the earth called magma (reaches earth surface called lava) cools and combines to form minerals. lava magma

6. Scientists classify rocks by using two important criteria COMPOSITION TEXTURE

7. COMPOSITION salt marble The minerals that the rock is made of!!!! rock lead granite

8. TEXTURE • Determined by the shape, size, arrangement, and distribution of rock’s mineral grains • Provides clues for how and where rock formed

9. Glassy Texture Rocks have NO visible grains! Obsidian

10. Fine-Grained Texture Rocks have small visible grains! Basalt Shale

11. Course-Grained Texture Rocks have large visible grains! Granite Gneiss

12. Porphyritic Texture Rocks have small and large visible grains! Rhyolite Rhyolite Granite

13. Textures Course Grained Glassy Fine Grained Porphyritic

14. Three Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

15. IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE DIORITE OBSIDIAN • Igneous means FIRE • Igneous rocks form when magmacoolsand hardens BASALT

16. Two Types of Igneous Rock INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE

17. IGNEOUS ROCKS Extrusive Rock Intrusive Rock

18. Intrusive (inside) rock that forms when magma cools below earths surface. • Takes a LONG time to cool, so large grains form • Usually course-grained PEGMATITE DIORITE

19. Extrusive (exit) rock that forms when lava cools on the earths surface. • Cools very quickly, so only small crystal may appear • Usually have fine- grained texture RHYOLITE BASALT OBSIDIAN

20. Extrusive rock forms in 2 ways • Volcano shoots it out • Fissures (cracks in the earth’s crust where lava oozes out) fissure

21. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS • Form as sediments become compacted and cemented together

22. Sediments are pieces of rock, shells, minerals and grains.

23. 3 types of sedimentary rock • Clastic rock • Chemical rock • Organic rock

24. Clastic rockforms when wind or water moves fragments of other rocks and minerals close together. • Minerals in dissolved water cement these particles together. Weight of new sediments on top of the old compress them even tighter. Weight of new sediment Pressing on old sediment water

25. Chemical rock • rock formed when water high in mineral content such as in oceans or geysers evaporates leaving the sediments behind. • NOT made from pre-existing rock

26. Organic rocks rock that comes from dead organisms that have been dead over millions of years. Examples: coal, fuel 10 years later 1 year later Bones break down Turns into dust 100 years later More animals Die dead animal Particles slowly Get stacked on top Of each other New animal particles new 1000 years Old Old animal particles pressure

27. Organic rock is made from fossils (remains or traces of once living plants or animals)

28. METAMORPHIC ROCKS • Metamorphic comes from “META” which means changed and “MORPHOS” which means shape • Form when sedimentary, igneous or other metamorphic rocks are exposed to intense heat and pressure

29. New rock can be changed to different kinds of rock by adding heat and pressure. The new type of rock formed is called metamorphic rock. Heat and pressure limestone marble

30. 2 types of metamorphic rock Foliated rocks with visible layers Nonfoliated rocks with no visible layers nonfoliated foliated

32. Rock cycle constant changing of rock from one type to another.