Project Management

1. Project Management

2. Ethics in Project Management. • Ethics means the right decision of the organization that helps it to fulfill its responsibility for the society or people. • Ethics are describes as the moral values, beliefs and code of conduct that upholds by an individual in their life on the personality or job to ensure right from wrong. • Ethics in the project management mean the project manager is consider the interest of all stakeholders, including employees, shareholders, suppliers or dealers and customers.

3. Ethical Challenges & Opportunities for Growth • A project manager must also remember its duty or responsibility to be an ethical. • A project manager must also ensure that the employer, employee and corporate citizen behave ethically. • The established code of ethics provide opportunities for growth through ensure that stakeholders interest protect by the employer, employee and corporate citizen during the project management.

4. Solutions for Dealing with Ethical Challenges • The organization is using the doing ethical techniques (DET) and establish code of conduct to address its issues related to ethics. • The project manager is using the DET in the firm to create trust and confidence between the employees, so they would want to retain it and contribute in the success of the project. • The application of the code of conduct is appropriate to resolve the ethical issues at workplace.

5. Applicable Scenario Related to Ethics • In this scenario, ethical dilemma created when a project manager has not disclosed its financial information properly at the employees, shareholders and people. • The project management team is used the code of conduct to resolve this ethical issues in an appropriate manner. • Properly applied on the code of conduct encourage or bound eam members to follow the ethics and rules and regulation that are effective of the project management.

6. International Factors in project Management • International factors can influence the success and performance of the project. These are the main international factors related to project management : • 1. Political Factors: Political issues at the national level, political instability, war or revolution, high corruption, lack of transparency in policy, and political takeover or military coup. • 2. Cultural and Social Factors: Cultural differences or cross-cultural, religion, customs, and ethnicity in the countries

7. Continue… • 3. Legal Factors: Legal factors are different laws and regulations, unexpected changes in government policies, currency conversion, rates or methods of taxations, ownership or employee laws, corporate laws, and environmental issues. • 4. Technical Factor: Availability of latest technology, design, engineering, procurement, construction, equipment installation, equipment operation capability, lack adequate resources, and technical and managerial skills availability

8. Continue… • 5. Economic Factor: Economy downfall, recession, inflation, high unemployment, high competition, decreased consumption, and open economy. • 6. Environmental Factor: Environmental problems such s pollution related issues such as noise, air pollution, water pollution, and visual disturbances that are related to unsustainable use of natural resources (minerals, water, land, and flora and fauna).

9. Continue… • 7. Managerial/Organizational Factor: Inadequate communication, unclear objectives, unclear lines of responsibility, authority, and accountability, slow decision-making process and lack of end-user participation. • 8. Physical Factor: Physical factors such as natural disaster (e.g. floods, fires, drought, lightning, cyclone, and earthquake), wars, acts of terrorism, military coups and civil strife.

10. International Factors Challenges & Opportunities for Growth • International factors generally create challenges of the project management as differences in these factors create risk and challenges of the project manager during manage an international project. • Supporting international factors such as high economic growth, protective law, similar culture, availability of latest technology, high resources and supporting business environment represents growth opportunities of the project.

11. Solutions for Dealing with International Factors Challenges • The project manager dealing with the international factors challenges through maintains the proper communication and coordination in the team. • The project manager uses the training and development programs to improve skills and ability of team members, so they able to face any challenges and contribute into the success of the project.

12. Applicable Scenario Related to International Factors • In this scenario, the project manager faced the issues due to the international factors. • The project manager face these challenges to maintain the coordination and communication of team members that helps it to solve their issues or problems related to the workplace. • The project manager provide training and development opportunities of the team members, so they able to contribute into the success of the project management team.

13. Cross-Cultural & Challenges • Cultural differences in the countries creates cross-cultural issues for project management. • In an international project, different countries employees or team members involve in a team that creates cross-cultural issues for the project management. • Differences in the values, philosophy, traditions, beliefs, languages, attitudes, and policies of the different countries people create cross-cultural issues that affected performance of the project.

14. Solutions for Dealing with Cross-Cultural Challenges • Management of cross-cultural team or cross-cultural issues is required that the project manager use a more flexible approach with respect to communication, reporting, procedures, change and risk during project management to solve cross-cultural issues. • Clear communication and proper sharing of the information with team members would be appropriate way to solve cross-cultural issues in the project management.

15. Applicable Scenario Related to Cross-Cultural • Differences in underlying values, beliefs, morals, and attitudes from two different countries team members creates cross-cultural risks to project that impacts on the project success. • The project management team deals with cross-cultural issue through use more flexible approach to project management as changes in the communication, reporting, and procedures process according to the culture of team.

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17. Continue…. • Dunning, J.H. &Lundan, S.M. (2008). Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy International business series. (2nd ed.). USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. • Hill, C.W.L. & Jones, G.R. (2012). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. (10th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. • McDonald, F., Burton, F. & Dowling, H. (2002). International Busns. LONDON: Cengage Learning EMEA. • Reynolds, G. (2011). Ethics in Information Technology (4th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. • Rowe, J.Y. (2010). Michal's Moral Dilemma: A Literary, Anthropological and Ethical Interpretation. USA: Continuum. • Weiss, J. (2008). Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach (5th ed.). Canada: Cengage Learning. • Wogaman, P. (2009). Moral Dilemmas: An Introduction to Christian Ethics. USA: Westminster John Knox Press.