LATG: Chapters 1, 2, 3

1. LATG: Chapters 1, 2, 3 Functions of Management Identifying and Controlling Costs Regulations and Security

2. Ch. 1: Functions of Management • 3 levels of Management • Lower-level: frontline, supervise workers • Group leaders • Middle-level: oversee activities of supervisors • Managers, Dept. Head • Upper-level: responsible for programs and operations • Facility Director, President

3. Manager skills • Conceptual skills: • identify and solve problems, think creatively and analytically, develop long range plans • People skills: • leadership, motivation, and communication • Technical skills: • understanding the work

4. 5 Phases of Management • Planning • Organizing • Directing • Monitoring • Staffing • Open, Honest, & Knowledgeable (good) communication is essential for good management

5. Planning • LATG positions fall into lower and middle level management • Upper-level management: set goals and provides direction on how to accomplish • LATG provide input to upper-level managers about equipment and personnel • Understand goals, why, how relate to overall goals of organization • Feedback up and down line

6. Organizing • Identify all of the work to accomplish goals • Divide work into individual jobs • Physical limitations of the staff and facility • daily obs and continuous care (365 days a yr.) • physical limits affect efficiency & productivity • Research Requirements • special diets, strict feeding schedules, light-dark room schedules • Special Requirements • dog enrichment, rodent breeding-low noise

7. Directing • Day to day supervision of employees and work • Motivating the staff • One of the most important roles of a supervisor • Provide incentives that stimulate working towards specific goals • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs- money is only one component • Sense of purpose: accomplishment • Time Management

8. Directing • Job delegation: • one of the most important skills a new supervisor must acquire • use guidelines to delegate • Problem Employee: • there is always one!! • Counsel on first incidence of unacceptable behavior • Behavior vs. Personality

9. Directing • Job Variety • well-trained staff and low-rate of employee turnover • flex-time: employees choosing work hrs. • scheduling routine procedures at different times • Research project reviews with PI’s

10. Monitoring • Regular evaluation of unit’s and individual’s progress towards goals • Effective performance review: 3 types • Informal or ongoing evaluations • Periodic Performance Appraisals • Annual Appraisal Performance Standards • Personal Goals • Annual Appraisal Interview

11. Staffing • One of the principal responsibilities of an animal research facility staff supervisor • HR dept. is great resource • Interviewing: • First Impression for interviewer and applicant • Interviewer professional and well-prepared • Pre-employment interview guidelines • competency based questions

12. Staffing • Hiring: • Big decision; best fit for now and future; don’t overlook overqualified candidates • Terminating Employees: • final option after disciplinary actions (verbal reprimands, written reprimands, suspensions, and demotions). • Solid legal ground for termination • Must have a written record (documentation) of problems with employee

13. Staffing • Labor unions: • Written contracts with wages, work hrs., vacation & sick leave, promotion criteria, etc. • Contracts are for written period of time • Re-negotiated between the union mngmt. & institutions mngmt. • Union has 1 representative, designated stewards • Written complaints against employer: • Grievance

14. Ch. 2: Identifying and Controlling Costs • Cost analysis: • method used o calculate the amount of money required to operate an animal resource program • Cost Analysis and rate Setting Manual for Animal Resources (revised in 2000) • deterimine and list all costs associated with animal facility & assign cost centers • generate animal per diems

15. Cost Accounting Criteria • Small centralized facilities are easier to handle • LATGs gather and summarize stats on info. needed to generate cost analysis (sq. ft., animal days, amount of food used, etc.) • Total Cost Accumulation: • Three step process

16. Total Cost Accumulation • Step 1: Prepare Trial Balance • list all direct an indirect expenses • direct: salaries, wages, benefits, supplies, service contracts, noncapital equipment • indirect: costs incurred by institution in general support of facility operations. Physical plant & maintenance, facility depreciation, water and electrical consumption • Step 2: Assign cost centers on all expenses listed in trial balance

17. Total Cost Accumulation • Step 3: Allocate total cost • nonrevenue-producing cost centers • does not allow recovery of its own costs by per diem rate or fee for service • Allocation to revenue-producing cost centers the total cost from nonrevenue producing cost centers. • Institutional Cost Recovery Methods • varies from institution; recovery=per diem

18. Cost Analysis and Budgeting • Cost containment based on lack of cost recovery from per diem rates • Personnel: • 60% of all costs related to animal care • Consolidation of physical space • Caging: automatic watering systems • Cage Washing: efficiency

19. Cost Analysis and Budgeting • Animal days: evaluate minimum number of days animals must be kept • Feed: amounts, prices, • Bedding: quantity and quality of contact bedding • Refuse: bulk vs. small batch • Laboratory tests: sentinel program • Special Services and Programs

20. Ch. 3: Regulations and Security • Legislative Issues and Regulations • supervising personnel requires in depth knowledge of federal, state, and local regulations and guidelines • Federal regulations: • Animal Welfare Act-USDA • Public Health Service (PHS) Policy -OLAW • Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs)-FDA

21. Regulations • Reference file for LATGs • ILAR Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: • outlines adequate veterinary care, facility environment, housing requirements, sanitation standards • Animal Welfare Act (AWA): • programs for disease prevention, parasite control, and euthanasia under supervision of veterinarian

22. 1985 Amendments to AWA • Dog exercise program • Environmental enrichment program for NHP • Training for scientists, animal techs. In proper handling and care of lab animals • One major operative surgical procedure • Minimization of Pain and Distress • Defined duties and composition of IACUC

23. Facility Security • Risk Assessment: • all animal research facilities are at risk • specific research that increases risk: • using random source dogs and cats from pounds • use of nonhuman primates • substance abuse research • pain studies • psychological or behavior research • Higher risk with publicity of work conducted on-site • USDA reports available to public-FOIA

24. Selecting a Security System • Needs of facility • Level of Risk • random source dogs vs. mouse house • Financial status of institution

25. Defusing Issues • Institutions proactively work on public sentiment • Project files: • lists of research projects and goals • Public education: • Can’t support if don’t understand issues • NABR and AMP: conduct media campaigns which details the advances in biomedical research

26. Defusing Issues • Employee Education: • animal care staff will notice strangers in facilities • educate staff on need to report unusual activities or occurrences • Employee Screening: • Interview process-ask questions about use of lab animals • security background screens • Contacts within Law Enforcement