Committee D30 on Composite Materials Current Work in Standard Test Methods Development

1. Committee D30 on Composite MaterialsCurrent Work in Standard Test Methods Development Carl Rousseau, D30 Chairman (LM Aero) Adam Sawicki, D30 Vice-Chairman (Boeing) Jen Rodgers, D30 Staff Mgr (ASTM)

2. Outline • ASTM D30 Overview and Overall Objective • D30 Organization • ASTM Process Description • D30 Standards Summary • New Standards – 2005 to 2009 • Current Work Items • Future Objectives • Relationships

3. ASTM International Fast Facts • Formed in 1898 • World-Wide Development of Voluntary, Full-Consensus Standards for Materials, Products, Systems & Services • 12,000 Standards Developed by 138 Technical Committees are Administered, Published, and Distributed by ASTM International • Over 32,500 Members from 125 Countries Participate on ASTM Committees • ASTM Standards are Living Documents, Continually Revised to Meet Stakeholder Needs, Reflecting Current Technology Each member – not a company or country – gets a vote

4. Committee D30 on Composite Materials Committee D30 formed in 1964 (with heritage tothe early ‘50s) out of Committee D20 on Plastics Current (2009) D30 Scope “The Committee will develop standard test methods, practices, terminology, and guides; sponsor symposia; stimulate research; and exchange technical information pertaining to composite materials (primarily those with fibrous reinforcement), as well as to reinforcing fibers with a Young's modulus greater than 20 GPa (3 Msi). This Committee will not develop standard specifications.” D30 Objective A complete, effective, and coordinated suite of testing standards for composites

5. D30 Committee Membership • OEMs • Testing Laboratories • Material Suppliers • Component Fabricators • Academic & Research Institutions • Government and Certification Agencies • US Army, Air Force, Navy, NASA • FAA, CAA • NIST, non-US standards groups

6. ASTM Technical Committee Organization Technical Committees form to address specific industry issues. They develop scopes to define their jurisdiction. MAIN COMMITTEE Subcommittees are established to address subsets of specialized subject matter under the scope of the Main Committee. Subcommittee .01 Subcommittee .02 Subcommittee .03 Subcommittees further organize their expertise into small Task Groups. This is the level at which documents are first developed and are subsequently revised. Task Group 1 Task Group 2 The 138 Technical Committees, 2,000+ Subcommittees, & thousands more Task Groups produce 1,200 drafts, or revisions to drafts, annually.

7. D30 Committee Organization • D30.01 Editorial and Resource Standards • D30.02 Research and Mechanics • D30.02.03 Test Method Reconstruction • D30.02.04 Interlaminar Fracture Analysis Benchmarking • D30.03 Constituent/Precursor Properties • D30.04 Lamina and Laminate Test Methods • D30.05 Structural Test Methods • D30.05.01 Civil and Marine • D30.06 Interlaminar Properties • D30.09 Sandwich Construction • D30.90 Executive • D30.91 Planning • D30.92 Awards • D30.94 Technical Specialists

8. ASTM International Balloting Process 4) As a final check, a standing committee (COS) of the ASTM Board of Directors reviews the process by which each standard is developed or revised, to ensure compliance with ASTM regulations. COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS (COS) 3) After S/C approval the Main Committee votes. If approved it is presented to the Committee on Standards for final review. Otherwise it returns to the Task Group for re-work & balloting is repeated. MAIN COMMITTEE 2) A completed draft is voted on by the Subcommittee. If approved, it moves to a Main Committee vote. If not, it returns to the Task Group for re-drafting. SUBCOMMITTEE 1)Starting Point. Documents are drafted, and continually revised, in the Task Group by a few members who specialize in the subject matter. This is where the bulk of the activity occurs. TASK GROUP

9. D30 Standards Breakdown, 2009

10. 2009 D30 Standards Summary(with most pre-existing standards updated) Constituent Lamina(te) Structure Other Fiber Tension Fiber Density Tow Density Fiber Content Resin Content Volatiles Content Fiber Areal Weight Core Density Core Thickness Core Shear Core Compression Core Shear Fatigue Core Water Absorption (and more) Tension Compression Shear Unnotched Fatigue Short-Beam Strength Flexure Response Fiber Volume Mode I Fracture Mixed-Mode Fracture Mode I Fracture Fatigue Ply Thickness Moisture Absorption Glass Transition (and more) Open-Hole Tension Open-Hole Compression Filled-Hole Tension Filled-Hole Compression Bearing Bearing-Bypass Interaction Bearing Fatigue Damage Impact Resistance Residual Strength After Damage Sandwich Beam Flexure Sandwich Panel Flexure Sandwich Flexure/Creep Fastener Pull-Through (and more) Terminology Fabrication Practice Orientation Code General Test Guide Textile Test Guide Database Records

11. D4762 –Gateway to D30 Standards Standard Guide to Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials • The major 2004 revision now briefly summarizes the scope, advantages, and disadvantages of related D30 standards, as well as other commonly referenced related standards of other ASTM committees. • An aid in education and selection of appropriate standards for use with advanced composite materials • 2008 update has been published, includes information on standards published 2004-07

12. 2005-09: New D30 Standards D 7078/D 7078M: Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by the V-Notched Rail Shear Method D 7136/D 7136M: Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event D 7137/D 7137M: Test Method for Compression Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates D 7205/D7205M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars D 7248/D7248M: Test Method for Bearing/Bypass Interaction Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates Using 2-Fastener Specimens D 7249/D7249M: Test Method for Facing Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure D 7250/D7250M: Practice for Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural and Shear Stiffness D 7264/D7264M: Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications D 7291/D7291M: Test Method for Through-Thickness "Flatwise" Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material D 7332/D7332M: Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite D 7336/D7336M: Test Method for Static Energy Absorption Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Core Materials D 7337/D7337M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars

13. 2005-09: New D30 Standards (cont) D 7028: Test Method for Glass Transition Temperature (DMA Tg) of Polymer Matrix Composites by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) D 7522/D 7522M: Test Method forPull-Off Strength of FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate

14. Recent Efforts: Updates C271/C271M: Core Density C272: Sandwich Water Absorption C273/C273M: Sandwich Shear C274: Sandwich Terminology C297/C297M: Sandwich Flatwise Tension Strength C363/C363M: Honeycomb Core Node Tensile Strength C364/C364M: Sandwich Edgewise Compression Strength C365/C365M: Core Compressive Properties C366/C366M: Core Thickness Measurement C393/C393M: Sandwich Core Properties by Long Beam Flexure C394: Sandwich Shear Fatigue C480: Sandwich Flexural Creep C481: Sandwich Laboratory Aging D6416/D6416M: Sandwich 2D Plate Flexure Properties D6772: Core Dimensional Stability D6790: Core Poisson’s Ratio D7249/D7249M: Sandwich Facing Properties by Long Beam Flexure D7250/D7250M: Determining Sandwich Beam Flexural & Shear Stiffness D7336/D7336M: Honeycomb Core Static Energy Absorption F1645/F1645M: Honeycomb Core Water Migration 9 D30.09 standards updated to standard D30 format to improve consistency.

15. Recent Efforts: Sandwich Long Beam Flexure Standards In 2006, C393-00 was replaced with 3 standards: C393: core shear stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method) • 3-point loading configuration is standard; alternative configurations retained for historical continuity. • Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote core shear failure. D7249: facing stiffness and strength by long beam flexure (test method) • 4-point loading configuration is standard. • Includes guidelines for specimen design to promote facing failure. D7250: determining sandwich beam flexural and shear stiffness (practice) • Data reduction and calculations for flexural and shear stiffness determination using C393 and D7249. D7249 C393

16. Recent Efforts: Civil Infrastructure Standards • D30.05 subcommittee working with ACI Committee 440 to publish civil infrastructure composite test methods. • TG consists of about 20 D30 and ACI subject matter experts. • Key contacts are Drs. Abdul Zureick and Russell Gentry (Georgia Tech). • D30 met jointly with ACI in March 2009 (San Antonio, TX). • 17 ACI 440 documents being transitioned into ASTM documents. • Four ACI standards are currently published as ASTM standards: • D 7205/D7205M: Tensile Properties of Continuously-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars • D 7290: Practice for Evaluating Material Property Characteristic Values for Polymeric Composites for Civil Engineering Structural Applications • D 7337/D7337M: Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars • D 7522/D 7522M: Pull-Off Strength for FRP Bonded to Concrete Substrate • Another ACI standard is in D30 committee ballot: • WK17184: Tensile Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites used for Strengthening of Civil Structures

17. Recent Efforts: New DMA Tg Standard • D 7028 for glass transition temperature by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) was published in 2007. • Based upon process improvements derived from a round-robin study. • Significant efforts by Mike Stuart (Cytec) and Joy Wu (Hexcel). • Key process improvements: • Guidance on equipment calibration. • Methods for characterizing and interpreting DMA thermograms. • A research report from the round-robin testing is in preparation.

18. Current Standards Initiatives • Draft standard test methods are currently in-work for a number of other items, including: • Open-hole fatigue testing • Additional testing modes for interlaminar fracture • Sandwich cleavage fracture toughness • Non-ambient environmental testing • Sandwich panel impact resistance • Sandwich panel residual strength

19. Possible New Standards Other technical areas for possible D30 standards development include: • HPLC and FTIR • Large-scale CAI • Creep • Stress-rupture • Notched laminate testing guide • FEM-based VCCT benchmarking

20. BENCHMARK PROBLEM: DCB SPECIMEN • DCB benchmark • 2D plane strain and plane stress analysis • Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) UD24: [0]24 T300/914C 2h=3.0 mm 2L=150.0 mm B=25.0 mm a=30.5 mm • Full 3D solid analysis

21. MANUALLY CREATING A BENCHMARK SOLUTION FOR A DCB SPECIMEN* • Benchmark case • Load/displacement plots for different delamination lengths a (/2=1.0 mm) • Mathematical relationship between load and energy release rate * R. Krueger, NASA/TM-2008-215123, 2008.

22. Future D30 Objectives • Add more quantitative precision statements based on accurate and effective round-robin test programs • Improve balance between a concise lab procedure and detailed explanatory guidance or requirements • Increase exposure and acceptance in non-aerospace and international markets • Expand into non-aerospace statistical assurance of measured properties

23. Current and Future Relationships • Cooperation with CMH-17 (MIL-HDBK-17) on consensus test methods and testing guidance • Cooperation with SAE Committee P-17 on test methods for consensus standard composite material specifications • Cooperation with ACI Committee 440 on civil infrastructure standards • Standards supporting marine product development • Collaboration and joint meetings/conferences with CMH-17, ASC,and SAMPE • Future interaction with independent test lab certification organizations, such as PRI/NADCAP

24. D30 Committee Contacts • D30 Officers (2008-2009) • Chairman, Carl Rousseau (LM Aero) • Vice-Chair, Adam Sawicki (Boeing IDS) • Recording Secretary, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter) • Membership Secretary, James Ratcliffe (NASA) • Past Chairman, Rich Fields (LM M&FC) • Past Chairman, Gene Camponeschi (US Navy) • D30 Members-At-Large • Bill Bertelsen (Gougeon Brothers) • Paul Lagace (MIT) • Jian Li (Boeing IDS) • Steve Ward (Consultant) • D30 Subcommittee Chairs • .01, Editorial/Resource, Paul Lagace (MIT) • .02, Research & Mechanics, Ron Kreuger (NIA) • .03, Constituent/Precursor, Bill Grant (Specialty Materials) • .04, Lamina/Laminate, Mark Kistner (USAF) • .05, Structural, Mark Chris (Bell Helicopter) • .06, Interlaminar, James Ratcliffe (NIA) • .09, Sandwich, Steve Ward (consultant) • ASTM Staff • Jen Rodgers, D30 Staff Mgr • Barbara Lake, D30 Admin Asst • Karen Wilson, D30 Secretary • Jessica Rosiak, D30 Editor

25. ASTM InternationalCommittee D30 on Composite Materials www.astm.org www.astm.org/COMMIT/D30.htm