1 / 77

Personality

Personality. A person’s pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. Psychoanalytic Perspective. Of Personality. Unconscious. Conscious. Preconscious. Unconscious. Freud's Early Exploration into the Unconscious.

meredithc
Download Presentation

Personality

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Personality A person’s pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

  2. Psychoanalytic Perspective Of Personality

  3. Unconscious Conscious Preconscious Unconscious

  4. Freud's Early Exploration into the Unconscious • Used hypnosis and free association (relax and say it all) to delve into unconscious. • Mapped out the “mental dominoes” of the patients past in a process he called psychoanalysis.

  5. Freud's Personality Structure • Ego • Superego • Id

  6. Id • Unconscious energy that drives us to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. • Id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

  7. Superego • Part of personality that represents our internalized ideals. • Standards of judgment or our morals.

  8. Ego • The boss “executive” of the conscious. • Its job is to mediate the desires of the Id and Superego. • Called the “reality principle”.

  9. Freud's Stages of Psychosexual Development • Freud believed that your personality developed in your childhood. • Mostly from unresolved problems in the early childhood. • Believed that children pass through a series of psychosexual stages. • The id focuses it’s libido (sexual energy) on a different erogenous zone.

  10. Oral Stage • 0-18 months • Pleasure center is on the mouth. • Sucking, biting and chewing.

  11. Anal Stage • 18-36 months • Pleasure focuses on bladder and bowel control. • Controlling ones life and independence. • Anal retentive

  12. Phallic Stage • 3-6 years • Pleasure zone is the genitals. • Coping with incestuous feelings. • Oedipus and Electra complexes.

  13. Latency Stage • 6- puberty • Dormant sexual feeling. • Cooties stage.

  14. Genital Stage • Puberty to death. • Maturation of sexual interests.

  15. Fixation • A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage. • Where conflicts were unresolved. Orally fixated people may need to chain smoke or chew gum. Or denying the dependence by acting tough or being very sarcastic. Anally fixated people can either be anal expulsive or anal retentive.

  16. Defense Mechanisms • The ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by distorting reality. • Never aware they are occurring. • Seven major types.

  17. Repression • The Mac Daddy defense mechanism. • Push or banish anxiety driven thought deep into unconscious. • Why we do not remember lusting after our parents.

  18. Regression • When faced with anxiety the person retreats to a more infantile stage. • Thumb sucking on the first day of school.

  19. Reaction Formation • Ego switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. • Being mean to someone you have a crush on.

  20. Projection • Disguise your own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. • Thinking that your spouse wants to cheat on you when it is you that really want to cheat.

  21. Rationalization • Offers self-adjusting explanations in place of real, more threatening reasons for your actions. • You don’t get into a college and say, “I really did not want to go there it was too far away!!”

  22. Displacement • Shifts the unacceptable impulses towards a safer outlet. • Instead of yelling at a teacher, you will take anger out on a friend by peeing on his car).

  23. Sublimation • Re-channel their unacceptable impulses towards more acceptable or socially approved activities. • Channel feeling of homosexuality into aggressive sports play.

  24. How do we assess the unconscious? We can use hypnosis or free association. But more often we use projective tests.

  25. Projective Tests • A personality test. • Provides an ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics. Examples Are:

  26. TAT Thematic Apperception Test • A projective test which people express their inner feelings through stories they make about ambiguous scenes

  27. TAT

  28. Rorschach Inkblot Test • The most widely used projective test • A set of ten inkblots designed to identify people’s feelings when they are asked to interpret what they see in the inkblots.

  29. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  30. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  31. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  32. Rorschach Inkblot Test

  33. Neo-Freudians • Psychologists that took some premises from Freud and built upon them. Carl Jung Karen Horney Alfred Adler

  34. Alfred Adler • Childhood is important to personality. • But focus should be on social factors- not sexual ones. • Our behavior is driven by our efforts to conquer inferiority and feel superior. • Inferiority Complex

  35. Karen Horney • Childhood anxiety is caused by a dependent child’s feelings of helplessness. • This triggers our desire for love and security. • Fought against Freud’s “penis envy” concept.

  36. Carl Jung • Less emphasis on social factors. • Focused on the unconscious. • We all have a collective unconscious: a shared/inherited well of memory traces from our species history.

  37. The Trait Perspective

  38. Trait • A characteristic of behavior or a disposition to feel and act as assessed by self-reported inventories or peer reports.

  39. Factor Analysis • A statistical procedure used to identify different components of your intelligence or personality (depending on the test). • FA takes the answers you give on tests and compiles them into general traits.

  40. Eysenck PersonalityQuestionnaire

  41. The Big Five • Emotional Stability (calm/anxious, secure/insecure, self-satisfied/self-pitying). • Extraversion (sociable/retiring, fun-loving/sober, affectionate/reserved). • Openness (imaginative/practical, variety/routine, independent, conforming)

  42. The Big Five (Continued) • Agreeableness (soft-hearted/ruthless, trusting/suspicious, helpful/uncooperative). • Conscientiousness (organized/disorganized, careful/careless, disciplined/impulsive).

  43. The Big Five Once you take a test that measures your personality according to the Big Five Scale…. Your traits will be stable over time. They can be attributed to your genetics They apply across different cultures They predict other attributes.

  44. Assessing Our Traits • Personality Inventories: a questionnaire where people respond to items attempting to gauge different aspects of their personality

  45. MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory: • the most widely used personality test. • Originally used to identify emotional disorders. Now used for screening purposes.

  46. MMPI put to the Test

  47. The Person-Situation Controversy • Are traits really stable? Kind Of…. They change according to the situation

  48. The Humanistic Perspective Of Personality

  49. Humanistic Psychology • In the 1960’s people became sick of Freud’s negativity and trait psychology’s objectivity. • Along came psychologists wanted to focus on “healthy” people and how to help them strive to “be all that they can be”.

More Related