1 / 13

Exercise and the Elderly

Exercise and the Elderly. Physiological Changes With Aging. Aging or decrease in activity? Quality years. Changes in maximal oxygen consumption Muscle mass – sarcopenia Muscular Strength and Endurance Fat deposition and body composition Bone mineral density Osteopenia Osteoporosis

meriel
Download Presentation

Exercise and the Elderly

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Exercise and the Elderly

  2. Physiological Changes With Aging • Aging or decrease in activity? • Quality years

  3. Changes in maximal oxygen consumption • Muscle mass – sarcopenia • Muscular Strength and Endurance • Fat deposition and body composition • Bone mineral density • Osteopenia • Osteoporosis • Diagnosed using T-Score cmoparing to normal young adults

  4. World Health Organization Criteria for Classifying BMD Classification T-Score Normal BMD -1.0 or greater Osteopenia -1.01 to -2.49 Osteoporosis -2.5 or less Severe Osteoporosis -2.5 or less + fragility fracture

  5. Osteoporosis • Bone turnover • PTH and vitamin D3 hormone • Peak BMD • Trochanter and femoral neck in mid to late teens • Spine in mid 20s • Determinants of peak BMD • 70-80% genetics • 20-30% lifestyle

  6. Bone loss • Age related 0.5 – 1%/year • Menopause 1-2%/year for a 5-10 year period • Loss of BMD will continue to pre-adolescent levels

  7. Fragility fracture • Women - Forearm ↑ at age 45-50 leveling off at 65 • Men – no ↑ • Women - Vertebral ↑ age 55-60 rising linearly with age • Men – ↑ 60-70 yrs • Women – Hip ↑ at age 65 and rises exponentially thereafter • Men – ↑ 70-75 yrs

  8. Distal forearm fractures • Excellent marker for future risk • Wedge fracture at L2 →

  9. Exercise Testing • Functional tests • Potential effects of osteoarthritis • Impact of muscular endurance

  10. Training the Elderly • Still adapt normally to exercise • ↑ fitness levels associated with reduced mortality and ↑ life expectancy • Differences between training frail versus healthy elderly • Functional capacity and balance • Simple functional tests

  11. Training the Elderly • Flexibility training • Resistance Training • Important to ADLs and RMR • Careful evaluation of HTN elderly • Arthritics train through pain-free ROM • Reps 2-3s concentric, 4-6s eccentric, 8-12 reps to failure, 2d/wk, progress every 2-3 wks • Breathing

  12. Reducing risks • Calcium intake • Vitamin D • Exercise • Posture

More Related