Week 2 HSA questions

1. Week 2 HSA questions April 16-April 20

2. Question 10 Which of these supply the main energy source used in cellular respiration? • lipids • amino acids • nucleic acids • carbohydrates

3. Question 11 A researcher is testing the effect of acid rain on living organisms. She takes a tissue sample and places it in acid rainwater, which decreases its pH. As the pH decreases, what will most likely happen to the enzyme reaction rates in the cells of this tissue? • They will increase. • They will decrease. • They will stay the same. • They will increase and level off.

4. Question 12 Scientists have recently discovered a new species that lives attached to the side of a tree. An organism from this new species • is multicellular • has cell walls • has vascular tissues • makes its own food • has structures that absorb moisture from the air Which of these is not true about cells in the new organism? • They contain nuclei. • They use vacuoles for storage. • They contain mitochondria. • They use pseudopodia to move.

5. Question 13 A scientist is trying to discover a new treatment to stop cancer cells from dividing. In the cancer cells, which of these processes will stop if the treatment is successful? • mitosis • chemosynthesis • binary fission • genetic recombination

6. Question 14 Which of these is not a direct function of the skeletal system? • blood circulation • muscle attachment • support of the body • protection of the organs

7. Question 15 Use the description of the experiment below to answer the following.A student washes her hands with antibacterial soap and water. Then she touches the agar in a petri dish with her thumb. The agar contains nutrients that support the growth of bacteria. Other students repeat the procedure after washing their hands with three different kinds of antibacterial soap. The petri dishes are kept warm overnight to allow bacteria to grow. The next day the students count the number of bacterial colonies in each dish.What should be the effect of the soap in this experiment? • It should be toxic to the bacteria. • It should help the bacteria to grow. • It should change the pH of the agar. • It should destroy the nutrients in the agar.

8. Question 16 Many bacteria live in fresh water. Which of these statements best describes what will happen when freshwater bacterial cells are placed in salt water? • Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to expand. • Water leaves the cell, causing the cell to shrink. • Water enters the cell, causing the cell to expand. • Water enters the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

9. Question 17 A summer camp was built near a lake in the mountains. The campers used the lake for swimming, fishing, and boating. The relationships between three organisms found in the lake are shown below. Which of these fish cell structures would be most directly affected by a change in the oxygen level of the lake? • mitochondrion • chloroplast • golgi apparatus • endoplasmic reticulum

10. Question 18 Specialized cells in the rafflesia flowers undergo a process that produces gametes. What is this process called? • binary fission • meiosis • fertilization • enzyme regulation

11. Question 19 Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to function normally. In mammals, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body.The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body from the environment. Which of these body systems is directly involved in the delivery of oxygen to the major organs of the human body? • the nervous system • the digestive system • the endocrine system • the circulatory system

12. Question 20 Most carbohydrates in the human body are • used as building blocks for proteins • used as catalysts for reactions in cells • consumed as a source of energy • not easily absorbed into the bloodstream

13. Question 21 Hemoglobin is an important protein in red blood cells. The DNA code for hemoglobin contains the following segment: TGC-GGA-CTC-CTC Which of these is the messenger RNA code for this segment of DNA? • ACG-CCT-GAA-GAA • TCC-GGT-CTC-CTC • ACG-CCU-GAG-GAG • UGC-GGA-CUC-CUC

14. Question 22 Which of these is produced as a result of fertilization? • a zygote with twice the number of chromosomes as a gamete • an egg with half the number of chromosomes as a zygote • a gamete with twice the number of chromosomes as a zygote • a zygote with half the number of chromosomes as a gamete

15. Question 23 Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing a starch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution. If the dialysis sac is permeable only to water and iodine, what will the solutions in the beaker and the sac look like after two hours? • The iodine solution in the beaker will turn blue-black; the starch solution will not change. • The starch solution in the dialysis sac will turn blue-black; the iodine solution will not change. • Neither solution will turn blue-black. • Both solutions will turn blue-black.

16. Question 24 In the early 1900s, many children had a disease called rickets. Research showed that the children had a deficiency of a vitamin that is necessary for the proper formation of bones.Which of these vitamins was lacking in the diets of these children? • vitamin A • vitamin C • vitamin D • vitamin K

17. Week 3 HSA Questions April 23-April 27

18. Question 25 Amylase is an enzyme that allows the human body to digest starch. Which of these diagrams best represents part of the structure of amylase?

19. Question 26 Corals are marine animals that often live in tropical seas. Many types of corals have unicellular algae living in their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 percent of the corals' food. The corals provide protection and inorganic nutrients for the algae.Some coral cells undergo meiosis. Which of these would not occur during meiosis? • formation of a zygote • chromosomes crossing-over • production of gametes • reduction in number of chromosomes

20. Question 27 Most bacteria do not have the ability to break down oil that is accidentally spilled into the ocean by tankers. However, scientists can insert a gene into the DNA of a bacterium to give it the ability to break down the oil. This technology is an example of • crossing-over • DNA replication • gene splicing • translation

21. Question 28 In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant. The allele for not having dimples (d) is recessive. A woman (DD) and a man (Dd) have four children. Which of these is the predicted ratio of the children with dimples to the children without dimples? • 1:0 • 1:1 • 1:3 • 3:1

22. Question 29 Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars.Which of these processes do the bacteria use to produce sugars? • photosynthesis • chemosynthesis • aerobic respiration • nitrogen fixation

23. Question 30 After an egg cell containing 16 chromosomes is fertilized, how many chromosomes will be present in the zygote? • 8 • 16 • 32 • 64

24. Question 31 In horses, the allele for straight hair (B) is dominant to the allele for curly hair (b). Which of these sets of parents can produce offspring with curly hair? • a heterozygous male with straight hair and a homozygous female with straight hair • a homozygous male with curly hair and a homozygous female with straight hair • a heterozygous male with straight hair and a heterozygous female with straight hair • a homozygous male with straight hair and a homozygous female with straight hair

25. Question 32 Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of • mitosis • cloning • sexual reproduction • asexual reproduction

26. Question 33 Which of these correctly matches the molecule with its function? • lipid—stores genetic information • vitamin—supplies energy to cells • enzyme—speeds up chemical reactions • carbohydrate—manufactures cell membranes

27. Question 34 Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for light to reach. These bacteria make their own food. Which of these is the source of energy for the bacteria? • nucleic acids • binary fission • inorganic compounds • DNA replication

28. Question 35 Use the information below to answer the following item.A pair of laboratory mice are crossed to obtain offspring. Three alleles found in the female gamete are ABC. Three alleles found in the male gamete are Abc.Which of these is a possible combination of alleles for the offspring produced by these mice? • AaBbCc • AABBCC • aabbcc • AABbCc

29. Question 36 Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecule? • fatty acids • nucleotides • amino acids • chromosomes

30. Question 37 Which of these is an example of a heterozygous genotype? • Rr • RR • wrinkled • round

31. Question 38 Which of these results when one nitrogen base replaces another in a segment of genetic material? • an enzyme substrate • a mutation • a feedback loop • an adaptation

32. Question 39 Which of the following pairs of materials is required for a cell to carry on respiration? • water and oxygen • glucose and oxygen • water and carbon dioxide • glucose and carbon dioxide