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The ZEV Technology Objective: Transportation Without Petroleum

The ZEV Technology Objective: Transportation Without Petroleum. CARB ZEV Technology Symposium Sacramento, CA September 26, 2006 Tom Gage AC Propulsion, Inc. http://www.acpropulsion.com. World Oil Discovery In Decline Since 1970. Source: Peak Oil, C.J. Campbell.

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The ZEV Technology Objective: Transportation Without Petroleum

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  1. The ZEV Technology Objective:Transportation Without Petroleum CARB ZEV Technology Symposium Sacramento, CA September 26, 2006 Tom Gage AC Propulsion, Inc. http://www.acpropulsion.com

  2. World Oil Discovery In Decline Since 1970 Source: Peak Oil, C.J. Campbell

  3. World Population and Petroleum Consumption source: Population Reference Bureau Energy Information Administration

  4. Petroleum: A Hierarchy of Value • Aviation • Petrochemicals • Maritime shipping • Long haul trucks • Rail transport • Long trips by car • Commuting • Picking up the kids • Driving a Hummer

  5. World Population and Gasoline Consumption source: Population Reference Bureau Energy Information Administration

  6. Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) 505 sec UDDS: 11.0 miles 31.3 minutes 21.2 mph

  7. Acceleration Consumes Energy 1.24 kWh Weight = 3000 lbs Cd = 0.30 Crr = 0.008 A = 22 ft2

  8. Regenerative Braking Recovers Energy 1.24 kWh Weight = 3000 lbs Cd = 0.30 Crr = 0.008 A = 22 ft2 -48% 0.64 kWh

  9. World Gasoline Consumption Per capita gal/year 10 2 102 453 124 31 source: Population Reference Bureau Energy Information Administration

  10. Fuel Substitution in Addition to Conservation • Electricity • Natural gas • Ethanol • Methanol • Bio-diesel • Hydrogen

  11. Hydrogen Hype “…While oil is a finite resource, hydrogen is infinite, it’s in water, it’s everywhere, the most abundant element in the universe …” - CBS Evening News, September 12, 2006

  12. Electric Reality • Established and available infrastructure • Off-peak capacity • Diverse, secure, efficient resources, including renewables • Low emissions • Suitable for most driving • Proven vehicle technology

  13. Electric Power Mix source: CEC, EIA Grid-Connected Vehicles: Transportation Without Petroleum

  14. 8,000,000 Plug-in Vehicles In US Recreational vehicles access grid power at over 16,000 RV parks nationwide • Safe, simple, reliable hookups • Up to 12 kW at each hookup • More RVs than FFVs + NGVs • Over 30 million people with RV experience source: RVIA

  15. EVs, PHEVs Can Use the Same Simple Hookups Charging at RV park, Coalinga, CA 12 charging pedestals, Pasadena, CA

  16. GM Impact - 1989 • Alan Cocconi developed the drive system for the General Motors Impact EV prototype. Two design objectives: • high efficiency • high performance

  17. AC150 Drive System - 1994 150 kW drive 20 kW charge 88%-92% eff Civic EV with AC150 0-60 in 6.2 secs 0-135,000 miles in 12 yrs 0 emissions

  18. tzero - 1997 tzero vs: Ferrari Porsche Lamborghini

  19. FIA Electric Land Speed Record - 1999 Two AC-150s 6,000 sub-C NiMH cells 400 hp, 254 mph

  20. Conductive Connector AC Power 100 - 250 V 50 - 60 Hz 0 - 80 A Power Electronics Unit (Inverter) DC Power 300 - 450 V 0 - 50 A Motor AC150 Gen2 Bidirectional Charger – 2000 Power can flow to or from vehicle • Grid-tied • Stand-alone

  21. Plug-in Hybrid Power Unit - 2001 • 35kW, 350V, 3500 rpm • Full emission controls • Adaptable to other engines, power levels, applications

  22. CARB-Sponsored PHEV - 2002 • 2003 Michelin Challenge Bibendum - San Francisco

  23. Li ion tzero - 2003 6,800 18650 Li Ion cells 50 kWh, 165 kW 350 kg 300 mile range 0-60 in 3.6 secs

  24. Li Ion Battery Allows Practical EV Conversions • Li Ion • 35 kWh • 320 kg • 265 liter • NiMH • 25 kWh • 380 kg • 270 liter (est)

  25. The AC Propulsion eBox • Features • AC Propulsion drive system • 35 kWh Li Ion battery • Fast charging • V2G capable • Regenerative braking • Onboard battery diagnostics • A/C, full power • Performance • 150 mile range • 0-60 ~7 sec • 95 mph • 1 mile/min charging • Economy • 250 Wh/mi (AC) • 3¢/mi electricity cost • 20¢- 40¢/mi battery cost

  26. Aggregator WirelessProvider eBox is Ready for V2G Connected vehicles serve as distributed energy resource (DER) Grid Operator GPS PowerCommand Power Response $ $ Internet Driver Usage Profile and Preferences

  27. A Small Fleet of eBoxes Buffers Renewables 100 kW peak power, intermittent 10 to 15 kW dispatchable power from each car  = Higher reliability from intermittent renewables

  28. Efficient Package Curb weight Gasoline Electric 2400 lbs 3050 lbs 2750 lbs 3550 lbs

  29. Roomy Interior 3 happy six-footers in eBox’s back seat

  30. People Like Electric Vehicles Driver quotes from AC Propulsion prototype demo, Long Beach, November 2003 • “very good acceleration, quite good, actually better than my car” • “I do like the strong regen(erative braking). I didn’t think I would. You really have much more control” • “I like this one, you have full accel and decel on one pedal” • “really amazing power, no shifting” • “wow, wow, wow-wow-wow, it really goes. I’m amazed, wow, like a race car, unbelievable” • “It’s definitely the strongest EV I’ve ever driven” • “it just drives beautifully”

  31. The Ultimate ZEV Technology Objective

  32. The Ultimate ZEV Technology Objective http://www.stefanoparis.com

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