From Enterprise Architecture to E-government Adoption: The Critical Success Factors for Swaziland

1. From Enterprise Architecture to E-government Adoption: The Critical Success Factorsfor Swaziland Comfort Mhlanga

2. Contents

3. Motivation • Through assistance from the Commonwealth Secretariat, The Swaziland Government has drafted its e/m-Government Strategy for 2013 to 2017 • Based on Enterprise Architecture model that is interoperable • “over 40% of the Govt. EA programs will be stopped through 2012 due to poor execution” - G. Makiya

4. What is E-Government • E-Government is a vehicle for national economic and social development, particularly in a small and developing nations where Government plays a far more active and pervasive role in the economy and society than in more advanced countries

5. Defining EA • Enterprise architectures are ‘blueprints’ for systematically defining an organization’s current (baseline) and/or desired (target) environment. Enterprise architectures are essential for evolving information systems and developing new systems that optimize their mission value -Bellman et al

6. What is EA? • ‘Descriptive representations (i.e. models) that are relevant for describing an enterprise such that it can be produced to management’s requirements (quality) and maintained over the period of its useful life (change).’ - Zachman(1996)

7. Why FEA? • Enterprise architecture frameworks and models provide ways to deal with the complexity including work (who, where), function (how), information (what) and infrastructure (how to) - J Ross (2003) • National enterprise architectures (NEA) promise to fill the gap between policy and implementation - Marijn Janssen (2007)

8. Common Frameworks: Zachman’s

9. Common frameworks: TOGAF

10. Research Question • What are the critical factors for the successful implementation of the Enterprise architecture and thus a good e-/ m-government for Swaziland

11. Research Objectives • To determine key activities successful implementation of Enterprise Architecture in EGOV

12. Methodology

13. Literature Review

14. Mapping EGOV maturity & GEA models

15. The IBM E-Government Seven Milestones: • The integration process to found a general vision for the whole system. • The economic development to manage the related financial issues. • E-democracy to formalize the government democratic architecture into electronic one. • E-communitiesto move towards the fully digital societies. • Intergovernmental processes to connect all the governmental agencies with each other into strongly connected governmental architecture. • Policy environment to make sure that all previous stages are safely tested with no security or privacy conflicts. • The next generation Internet stage that will explore all the above stages on the World Wide Web (WWW) using the most recently updated technologies in this domain

16. Framework for Enterprise Architecture - ZakareyaEbrahim and ZahirIrani

17. Possible Cuccess Factors

18. Barriers to EGOV adoption • IT Infrastructure • Security and Privacy • IT Skills • Organizational • Operational Cost

19. Introducing Swaziland Egov initiative

20. Vision for e-/m-government for Swaziland

21. Strategic Framework e-/m-Government for Swaziland

22. Swaziland infrastructure impending e-Gov

23. Leveraging Electronic Transaction and Commerce Act for Rapid Reach level IIof the UN e-Gov Maturity Model

24. Government Portal

25. Tinkhundla and Post offices as e-Delivery Channels

26. Telecommunication Infrastructure

27. Conceptual Architecture Model

28. Functional Elements of Conceptual Architecture Model for the e-/m-Government Platform for SwazilandConceptualarchitecture

29. EGOV Transformation Roadmap

30. Challenges facing EGOV initiative • Low level of Internet penetration: • Infrastructure constraints: • Digital Divide • No Cyber security law • Lack of awareness • Conflicts of IT industry players • Lack of resources

31. Results: CSF • There are clearly many challenges • More needs to be done in the area of internet penetration

32. Conclusions • Policy • Funding • Commitment

33. Thank You!

34. Referrences • Bellman, B. Rausch, F. Enterprise Architecture for e-Government. R. Traunmüller (Ed.): EGOV 2004, LNCS 3183, pp. 48–56, 2004 • Hjort-Madsen, K. Enterprise Architecture Implementation and Management: A Case Study on Interoperability. Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2006 • AdegboyegaOjo, Tomasz Janowski and Elsa Estevez. Improving Government Enterprise Architecture Practice – Maturity Factor Analysis. (2006). • Matthee M.C., Tobin P., van der Merwe P. The status quo of enterprise architecture implementation in South African financial services companies (2006). S.Afr.J.Bus.Manage.2007,38(1) • G. Makiya, “Impact of Organization Culture, Structure and Design on Enterprise Architecture ProgrammPerformance: A Qualitative Study,” Case Western Reserve University, 2009. • Ebrahim, Z. , Irani Z. E-government adoption: architecture and barriers. Business Process Management Journal. ISSN: 1463-7154