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Intro to Hubble’s Law

Intro to Hubble’s Law. Leading to the Big Bang Theory. Early Theories of the Universe. At first astronomers knew that most stars nebula were between 1000 to 10,000 light years away. They assumed all objects including galaxies were about the same distance

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Intro to Hubble’s Law

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  1. Intro to Hubble’s Law Leading to the Big Bang Theory

  2. Early Theories of the Universe • At first astronomers knew that most stars nebula were between 1000 to 10,000 light years away. • They assumed all objects including galaxies were about the same distance • They thought that the Universe was an even and continuous mix of: • Stars • Nebula • Galaxies

  3. Edwin Hubble (1889 – 1953) • Edwin Hubble is considered to be the father of modern astronomy. • He made two of the greatest discoveries about the Universe. • Stars are clumped into galaxies separated by millions of light years • The universe (space itself) is expanding. • The Hubble space telescope is named in his honor.

  4. Hubble’s First Great Discovery • Hubble proved that the distance to galaxies was much further than to other nebula. • He determined the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy (our nearest neighbour) to be 2.5 Million Light Years • He proved that the Universe is not even and continuous • Stars are clumped into “islands” called galaxies • Galaxies are separated by millions of light years of empty space

  5. Hubble’s Second Great Discovery • Hubble observed that galaxies are moving away from each other. • He deduced that the universe is expanding (and that space itself is expanding like the surface of a balloon.) • He predicted that all galaxies must have been very close to each other at an earlier time in the history of the universe. • This prediction led to the “Big Bang Theory”.

  6. Doppler Red Shift • The way we see light from stars is affected by their speed and direction of motion • Red shift – Moving away from us • Blue shift – Moving towards us. • Red Shift Video URL • Hubble used this idea to discover that most galaxies are moving away from us and that the universe is expanding.

  7. Doppler Red Shift • When light is shifted towards red • The object is moving away • The amount of shift is related tothe speed • When light is shifted towards blue • The object is moving closer • The amount of shift is related tothe speed

  8. Next Steps • Activity: Graphing Hubble’s Law • Presentation: Big Bang Theory

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