1 / 25

Life in Space: Overcoming the Human Physiological Effects of Long Duration Space Flight

Life in Space: Overcoming the Human Physiological Effects of Long Duration Space Flight. Stanford University E235: Space Systems Engineering Winter Presentations. Julie Litzenberger. March 4, 2004. History of Human Spaceflight. Mercury Program Alan Sheppard, May 5, 1961

merle
Download Presentation

Life in Space: Overcoming the Human Physiological Effects of Long Duration Space Flight

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Life in Space:Overcoming the Human Physiological Effects of Long Duration Space Flight Stanford University E235: Space Systems Engineering Winter Presentations Julie Litzenberger March 4, 2004

  2. History of Human Spaceflight • Mercury Program • Alan Sheppard, May 5, 1961 • John Glenn, February 20, 1962 • Gemini Program • Apollo Program • Skylab Project • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project • MIR Space Station • International Space Station http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/history/mercury/mercury.htm

  3. Physiological Influences of Spaceflight • Microgravity • Radiation • Neurobehavior and psychology • Nutrition, physical fitness, and rehabilitation • Remote medical support • Closed-loop life support http://spaceresearch.nasa.gov/general_info/issphysiology.html http://www.spacekids.com/spacenews/shuttlefood_day3_991222.html

  4. Physiological Influences of Spaceflight • Microgravity • Radiation • Neurobehavior and psychology • Nutrition, physical fitness, and rehabilitation • Remote medical support • Closed-loop life support http://spaceresearch.nasa.gov/general_info/issphysiology.html http://www.spacekids.com/spacenews/shuttlefood_day3_991222.html

  5. Microgravity • Bone mass loss • Muscle alterations and atrophy • Cardiovascular variations • Immunology, infection, and hematology • Sleep and chronobiology http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Newsroom/X-Press/stories/011003/ppl_astro.html

  6. [2] [4] [5] 1. Bone Mass Loss [1] [3] [1] http://www.karger.com/gazette/65/anderson2/images/anderson2_1_s.jpg [4] http://www.brooks.af.mil/HSW/PA/Centrifuge%20fact_files/image004.gif [2] http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/vicc/lungspore/projects/pills.jpg [3] http://eduserv.hscer.washington.edu/hubio553/totrad/SCAR/Images/transversetibiafx.jpg [5] http://lsda.jsc.nasa.gov/kids/L&W/pixs/81368031.jpg

  7. 2. Muscle Alterations and Atrophy • Loss of muscle strength associated with decreased mechanical loading • Countermeasures: • High-resistance exercise • Pharmaceutical Treatments • Genetic, cellular, and physiological processes • Applications to muscle wasting conditions experienced on Earth

  8. 3. Cardiovascular Variations • Reduced cardiac mass due to deconditioning • Postflight impairment of cardiovascular responses when standing upright and exercising; may cause dizziness or fainting • Inflight heart rhythm disturbances • Earth applications http://w3.uokhsc.edu/phar5442/Lectures/Cardiovascularexerciseeffects.html

  9. 4. Immunology, Infection, and Hematology • Weakening of the immune system • Activation of dormant viruses • Interference with wound healing • Loss of head-to-toe blood pressure gradient and radiation effects on bone marrow may cause anemia

  10. Prevent sleep loss Promote wakefulness Reduce human error Optimize mental and physical performance Applications: Safety of people involved in jobs requiring international travel, shift work, and extended work schedules 5. Sleep and Chronobiology http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/toc.asp?s=Living%20in%20Space

  11. Radiation

  12. Radiation • Radiation levels hundreds of times greater than on Earth • Solar proton events • Galactic cosmic rays • Physiological effects: • Kill cells • Damages tissue • Causes cellular mutations that can lead to cancer, central nervous system damage, cataracts • Pharmaceuticals, shielding

  13. Neurobehavior and Psychology Long term isolation and stress can affect crew health, safety, and productivity • Monitor brain functions and behavior • Countermeasures to enhance performance, motivation, and quality of life • Crew composition: leadership style, gender, age, expertise, organization, and communication

  14. Space Physiology Research • Space Station Biological Research Project (SSBRP) • National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) • American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB)

  15. Research on the International Space Station http://members.nova.org/~sol/accommod.htm

  16. Space Station Biological Research Project (SSBRP) • Host Systems • 2.5 M centrifuge • Habitat holding racks • Life Sciences Glovebox • Research units for small fresh water organisms, laboratory rats and mice, insects, quail and chicken eggs, plants, cell and tissue culture • Incubator for life science research • Dosimeter to measure biologically active space radiation

  17. Research on Earth

  18. National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) Space Research Earth Applications http://www.nsbri.org/NewsPublicOut/Gallery.html

  19. American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) • “…members are drawn from university, government, and industry and represent many disciplines bonded by a interest in a common issue, gravity” • Research, education, training and development in gravitational and space biology • Annual scientific publication and meeting

  20. Additional Space Life Science Organizations • NASA Office of Biological and Physical Research – OBPR • Aerospace Medical Association – AsMA • European Low Gravity Research Association – ELGRA • Japanese Society for Biological Sciences in Space – JSBSS • International Society for Gravitational Physiology • Center for Advanced Studies in the Space Life Sciences • Committee for Space Research – COSPAR • International Astronautical Federation – IAF • American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics – AIAA • Universities Space Research Association - USRA

  21. Still to come… • Analysis of: • Biological experiments that have been and need to be executed to better understand physiological effects of spaceflight • Countermeasures • Artificial gravity • Pharmaceuticals • Radiation Shielding • Habitats on the moon and Mars • Closed-loop life support • Space Suit Design

  22. Still to come… • International Cooperation • Russian experience in space • China’s plans to go to the moon • Aurora program • Public Service Announcement • Spin-off technologies

  23. NEW IDEA! • Public Service Announcement: Space Spinoff Technologies; medical advances How used in space How used on Earth Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic techniques Blood glucose measurements

  24. Acknowledgements • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) www.nasa.gov • Space Station Biological Research Project (SSBRP) http://brp.arc.nasa.gov/ • National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI) http://www.nsbri.org/ • American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology (ASGSB) http://www.asgsb.org/

  25. Questions?

More Related