13: schneider and kachru - revision

1. 13: schneider and kachru - revision Monday 20th April LO: to revise these two key theorists for paper 4.

2. Schneider’s dynamic model • Phase 1: Foundation • Phase 2: Exornormativestabilsation • Phase 3: Nativisation • Phase 4: Endonormativestabilisation • Phase 5: Differentiation

3. Exonormative / Endonormative • Exonormative: based on the way a country’s second language is used in the country it came from originally, rather than the way it is used by local speakers • Endonormative: based on the way a country’s second language is used by local speakers, rather than the way it is used in the country where it came from originally

4. Sociopolitical background

5. Identity constructions

6. Sociolinguistic conditions

7. Linguistic effects

8. Kachru circles of English • Three concentric circles. • Inner, Outer and Expanding circle. • Inner = traditional bases of English • Outer = not first language BUT English needed for institutional reasons (official or otherwise) and also for historical reasons. • Expanding = encompasses those countries where English plays no historical or governmental role, but where it is nevertheless widely used as a foreign language or lingua franca encompasses those countries where English plays no historical or governmental role, but where it is nevertheless widely used as a foreign language or lingua franca

9. Kachru circle provisions • The inner circle (UK, US,etc.) is 'norm-providing'. That means that English language norms are developed in these countries – English is the first language there. • The outer circle (mainly New Commonwealth countries) is 'norm-developing'. • The expanding circle (much of the rest of the world) is 'norm-dependent', because it relies on the standards set by native speakers in the inner circle.