Chapter 14 JAPAN Review

1. Chapter 14JAPAN Review By Jacky

2. NOTES

3. Section 1 • How many islands make up the Japanese archipelago? • Over 3,000 • What are the 4 largest ones? • Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu

4. Section 1 • How much of Japan is arable? • 20% • Why? • There are so many mountains.

5. Section 1 • What group of Paleolithic people made clay pottery with designs from knotted cord? • Jomon • What group of people introduced farming, rice paddies, pottery wheels, and metalworking to Japan? • Yayoi

6. Section 1 • Who is the Japanese sun goddess? • Amaterasu • Who was the Japanese storm god? • Susanowo

7. Section 1 • What clan claimed that they were the sun goddess’s descendants and should therefore have the right to rule? • Yamato • Who is called “emperor of heaven” and started a line of rulers that has never been broken? • Jimmu

8. Section 1 • Who is Japan’s emperor today? • Akihito • What Yamato prince wrote a constitution, or plan for government? • Prince Shotoku

9. Section 1 • What is the oldest wooden building still standing today? • Horyuji • What religion was it a temple for? • Buddhism

10. Section 1 • What was the “Great Change” that divided Japan into provinces? • Taika • Who led Japan in this era? • The Yamato Emperor

11. Section 1 • What is the belief that all natural things are alive? • Animism • What are the nature spirits called in Japan? • Kami

12. Section 1 • What religion is about being pure and honoring Kami? • Shinto • Done with Section 1!

13. Section 2 • After the Taika, what was Japan’s Capital? • Nara • How were officials chosen? • From powerful families

14. Section 2 • What was the Census? • They counted people, listed where people worked, and made them pay taxes of silk and rice • How was Buddhism accepted in society? • Officials accepted it, but Buddhists and Non-Buddhists fought

15. Section 2 • Where was the capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu? • Heian, now called Kyoto • Who ruled in place of young or sick rulers? • Regents

16. Section 2 • What clan did the regents come from? • Fujiwara • What happened when Fujiwara became too powerful? • Regents didn’t want to give up their positions, nobles stopped paying taxes and demanding payment from peasants

17. Section 2 • Who were the warriors that fought to protect Japan? • Samurai • What was the code of honor that they followed? • Bushido

18. Section 2 • What war in 1185 happened between two families in Japan? • The Gempei War • What two families and who won? • Minamoto defeated Taira

19. Section 2 • How did the Emperor reward the Minamoto family after winning the Gempei War? • He gave MinamotoYoritomo all the power and called him Shogun • Where did MinamotoYoritomo rule from? • Kamakura

20. Section 2 • What group attacked Japan in 1274 and 1281? • Mongolians (From the Yuan Dynasty in China) • What saved them? • The typhoon winds (Kamikaze “divine winds”)

21. Section 2 • Who took over as shogun in 1333? • Ashikaga Takauji • What was Japan like under his rule? • Weak, many revolts

22. Section 2 • After Ashikaga Takauji, who were the new officials that led provinces? • Daimyos • What was it called when a Daimyo and a samurai had an arrangment with protection for land? • Feudalism

23. Section 2 • What was the samurai called in the feudal agreement? • Vassal • In what war did warriors fight, destroying the city of Kyoto? • Onin War • Done with Section 2!!!

24. Section 3 • What sect of Buddhism told of a Happy Afterlife—a paradise with Amida? • Pure Land Buddhism • What sect of Buddhism promoted inner-peace, self-control, and simplicity? • Zen Buddhism

25. Section 3 • What values did Japanese art show? • Love of beauty and simplicity • Name at least 2 types of Japanese art. • Tea, Woodwork, Lacquer, Landscapes, Origami, Flower arranging

26. Section 3 • Describe a Shinto Shrine. • Near a natural Feature of Beauty • One room w/ straw roof • What was the gate called? • Torii

27. Section 3 • Describe a Buddhist shrine. • Chinese style • Tiled • Richly Decorated • Gardens imitated nature—to achieve inner peace

28. Section 3 • What was Japanese writing like? • Chinese, but with symbols for sounds • Calligraphy for well-educated people • Name the oldest type of Japanese poetry. • Tanka—5 unrhymed lines

29. Section 3 • What are two examples of Japanese literature? • Tale of Genji—Lady MurasakiShikibu • Tale of Heike—Gempei War • What were the Japanese plays that taught simple Buddhist ideas? • Noh

30. Section 3 • Name at least two crops that better irrigation helped produce. • Rice, wheat, millet, barley • What was the center of trade? • Kyoto

31. Section 3 • What was formed to help trade with the Daimyos? • Guilds • Name at least two trade items that Japan got from Korea, China, and Southeast Asia. • Silk, Dyes, Pepper, Books, Porcelain

32. Section 3 • Compare the treatment of women in early Japan, Feudal Japan, and in farming families. • Early Japan—wealthy women had positions in society, ruled & owned property • Feudal Japan—No Freedoms • Farming Families—cooked, raised children, worked, helped with businesses

33. Section 3 • Who had complete control over the family? • A man • Who was the strong female warrior in the Tale of Heike? • Tomoe • Done with Section 3!

34. MAP

35. Islands • Hokkaido • Honshu • Shikoku • Kyushu

36. Bordering Countries • Russia • China • North Korea • South Korea

37. Bodies of Water • Pacific Ocean • Sea of Japan • Korean Strait

38. Cities • Tokyo • Kyoto

39. Mountain • Mt. Fuji

40. VOCABULARY

41. Clan • A group of families related by blood or marriage: • The large mounds that the Yayoi bury their chiefs in: • A written plan of government: • The belief that all natural things are alive and have their own spirits: • A holy place: Kofun Constitution Animism Shrine

42. Kami • Japanese nature spirits: • A religion developed in Japan called “the way of the spirits:” • A person who acts as a temporary ruler: • The class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land: • The strict code of conduct for a samurai warrior: Shinto Regent Samurai Bushido

43. Shogun Kamikaze • A ruler in feudal Japan: • Typhoons in Japan: • A powerful military lord in feudal Japan: • In feudalism, a noble who held land from and served a higher-ranking lord, and in turn was given protection: • The political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals: Daimyo Vassal Feudalism

44. Sect • A smaller group with distinct beliefs within a larger religious group: • A type of Mahayana Buddhism that promotes a happy message about life and death: • A type of Buddhism that promotes finding inner peace by participating in martial arts and meditation: • Sports such as judo and karate that involve combat and self-defense: • The practice of quiet reflection to clear the mind and find inner peace: PurelandBuddhism Zen Martial Arts Meditation

45. Torii Calligraphy • The scared gate to a shrine: • The art of producing beautiful handwriting: • Japan’s oldest form of poetry, an unrhymed poem of 5 lines: • A work about the adventures of a Japanese prince written by Lady MuraskiShikibu: • A type of Japanese play used to teach Buddhist ideas: • Medieval business groups formed by craftspeople and merchants: Tanka Tale of Genji Noh Guilds

46. DBQ: Knights vs. Samurai

47. Comparing:

48. Name that picture

49. Topography • Bullet Train (Shinkansen)

50. Topography • Hells Lake Pool in Beppu