1 / 19

Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems for Stationary Applications

Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems for Stationary Applications. Hans Desilvestro Hanmer Springs November 2004. Outline. Battery ESS selection criteria The raw materials issue The LiOX battery Safe Li-ion type battery based on oxide active materials

merrill
Download Presentation

Battery-Based Energy Storage Systems for Stationary Applications

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Battery-BasedEnergy Storage Systems for Stationary Applications Hans Desilvestro Hanmer Springs November 2004

  2. Outline • Battery ESS selection criteria • The raw materials issue • The LiOX batterySafe Li-ion type battery based on oxide active materials • Cost comparison of commercially available and emerging energy storage systems (ESS) • Summary

  3. Courtesy Dr Paul Rüetschi

  4. Battery ESS selection criteria • Specific Energy (Wh/kg) - to + • Energy Density (Wh/L) +/- to + • Power performance (W/kg, W/L) - • Cycle life and calendar life + • $/year ++ • Safety ++ • Maintenance-free $-issue

  5. Economic and safety considerations more important than other performance parameters

  6. Factors influencing raw material costs • Natural abundance / mineable sources • Mining / refining costs • Demand in key marketsCommodity vs speciality markets • Relative importance of battery market in relation to key markets • Common ore origine.g. Fe-Ni-Co or Zn-Cd • Ease of recycling

  7. %

  8. Are Li-ion batteries safe ? • Ask IATA: Li-ion battery size for carry-on items limited to 100 Wh • Even small portable Li-ion batteries encounter safety problems quite frequentlyOverheating, fire, explosions, product recalls • Limiting maximum thickness or diameter to max. ~16 mm • Li-ion batteries can only be operated in a relatively safe way by- electronic single cell control- safety elements such as burst disks, PTC,...

  9. Reasons for relatively poor safety characteristics of standard Li-ion batteries • Overall cell reaction: Charge to 4.2V 3C + LiCoO2 0.5C6Li + Li0.5CoO2 Discharge to ~3V Thermodynamically unstable O2+ LiCo-oxides + heat Very close to Li plating potential Thermodynamically unstable towards solvents employed

  10. Reasons for relatively poor safety characteristics of standard Li-ion batteries

  11. Pacific Lithium saw market opportunities for a safe Li-ion type batteryLiOX

  12. LiOX, a safe Li-ion battery • Overall cell reaction: Charge to 2.7V Li3Ti5O12 + 4LiMn2O4 Li7Ti5O12 + 4Mn2O4 Discharge to 2.2V Thermodynamically much more stable than Li0.5CoO2 No risk of Li plating Thermodynamically stable towards solvents employed

  13. Cycle Life of 5-cell batteries at 22, 45 oC, 55 oC. 1C charge and discharge (100%)

  14. Conclusions

More Related