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Cellular Uptake of Glucose

Cellular Uptake of Glucose. Cellular Uptake of Glucose. 1.) Gradient usually exists ECF>ICF (HK keeps ICF low). 80-110 mg/dl euglycemia < 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia > 150-200 mg/dl after CHO meal (ie, below T max ) > 300-600 mg/dl uncontrolled diabetes.

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Cellular Uptake of Glucose

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  1. Cellular Uptake of Glucose

  2. Cellular Uptake of Glucose 1.) Gradient usually exists ECF>ICF (HK keeps ICF low) • 80-110 mg/dl euglycemia • < 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia • > 150-200 mg/dl after CHO meal (ie, below Tmax) • > 300-600 mg/dl uncontrolled diabetes • 2.) Glucose is polar, therefore is hydrophilic • Facilitated diffusion occurs via 5 glucose transporters GLUT 1 GLUT 5

  3. Annimation of Glucose uptake

  4. Kinetics of Facilitated Diffusion

  5. Cellular Uptake of Glucose 3.) Unregulated glucose uptake • Based on concentration gradient • GLUT 1, 2, 3 & 5 (liver, neurons, RBC, kidney) 4.) Regulated glucose uptake • Insulin on GLUT 4(muscle, adipose) • 5.) Insulin -- Pancreas  cells •  &  Chains • 3 disulfide bonds Insulin receptor -- membrane 4 subunits  GLUT 4 translocation from intracellular storage sites to membrane  glucose uptake 10-20x within 5 min.

  6. Glucose Transport Proteins

  7. GLUT Transporters: 1,2,3 & 5

  8. Insulin A chain 21AA B chain 30AA S S S S Fully active Tyrosine Kinase now can phosphorylate (activate/deactivate) intracellular enzymes Activates PDE cAMP activates PP-1 / dephosphorylates GS and PKA EPI inhibits insulin receptor and release Insulin Receptor A Subunits S S B Subunits Tyrosine Kinase (Autophosphorylate)

  9. CP and ATP Use During Exercise Myokinase reaction 2 ADP ATP + AMP

  10. Changes in ATP,ADP and AMP

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