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Development : HDI ( Human Development Indicator ) is calculated by:

Development : HDI ( Human Development Indicator ) is calculated by: the per capita revenue ($/ year ), life expectancy per capita, literacy rates of adults and educational rates of children under 15 The value is expressed from 0 to 1. 2. On a Regional Scale:

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Development : HDI ( Human Development Indicator ) is calculated by:

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  1. Development: HDI (HumanDevelopmentIndicator) iscalculated by: • the per capita revenue ($/year), • life expectancy per capita, • literacy rates of adults and • educational rates of childrenunder 15 The value isexpressedfrom 0 to 1

  2. 2. On a Regional Scale: • In the North: contrast between Northern and Western Europe vs. Southern and Eastern Europe • In the South: even greater contrast between regional areas - Eastern Africa and Central America, poorest areas - Great heterogeneity between • emerging powers (BRICS), • intermediary developing countries (baby tigers like Indonesia) • LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries)

  3. Map 4: Regional HDI African Continent How canyouexplaintheseregionaldifferences in Africa?

  4. Map 5: Discrepancies in HDI Ranking in Europe Describe the regionaldiscrepancies in Europe

  5. 3. On a Country/City Scale: • Case of the North United States – Wealth Distribution video TED

  6. Map 6: Number of High IncomeHouseholds for EachCounty in the US 2007-2011 Whereiswealthconcentratedgeographically in the U.S.?

  7. Case of the South: Map 6: Annual per Capital Income by Province in China (blueabove the mean (= average), orange below the mean How wouldyoucharacterize the distribution of wealth in China? Contrastbetweendevelopment in China on the coast and inland, concentration of wealth in urban areas (Beijing and Shanghai) BUT mapdoes not show the concentration of poorest population in slums or insolubrious conditions in cities

  8. II. Changingneeds for 9 B people in 2050 A. World population growthincreasesdevelopmentdisparities 1. Demographicgrowthatdifferentpaces Demographic transition • spreadthroughoutsouthern countries from 1900 to 1950 • ceased in the first half of the 20th century in industrialized countries

  9. Q1:Describe the distribution of areas of high and low population densities. Q2: Suggestreasons for the patterns you have described.

  10. Consequences: • Today part of subsaharanAfrica and the Middle East are still in the stage of demographic explosion • In India and China, demographic transition iscoming to an end but it has caused an effect of inertia. Even if fertility rates have decreased, the generationat an age to procreateremainsnumerous

  11. A comparison of the % change in projected population 2004-2050

  12. Annualnaturalgrowthrates for LEDCs and MEDCs Which countries have the highest rate? The lowest rate? Why?

  13. 2. IncreasedNeeds: • Vital necessities (food, water, energy and medical care) • Lack of resourcesfor the largestnumber

  14. 3. Bigger Gaps: • Betweennorthern and southern countries • Betweensouthern countries who have completedtheirdemographic transition and thosewho are stillundergoingdemographic transition

  15. population pyramid • graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. It is also used to determine the overall age distribution of a population; • population plotted on the X-axis and age on the Y-axis, one showing the number of males and one showing females in a particular population in five-year age groups

  16. Population Pyramids and Demographic Transition Stage 1: balance between birth rate and death rate, very slow increase of the population Stage 2: decline in the death rate while the birth rate remains high. Causes: improvement in food supplies and public health Stage 3: decline in the birth rate, Causes: birth control, children become an added expense for the family Stage 4: birth rate and death rate at the same level: stability of the population.

  17. Population PyramidIndia In what stage of demographic transition isIndia? Stage 2: expanding

  18. Population PyramidJapan 2009 In what stage of demographic transition isJapan? Stage 4: contracting

  19. Annualnaturalgrowthrates for LEDCs and MEDCs Atwhich stage of the demographic transition are these countries?

  20. Urbanization • Betweentowns and countryside: in 2010, more than 50% urbandwellers on earth (should go to 70% in 2050); population willbeconcentrated in cities

  21. If urbanizationisstabilized in the North, itisexploding in the south • Causes? Massive rural flight and naturalgrowth rates in cities • Giantagglomerations are multiplying in emerging countries. In Asia, the urban population isrisingat the rate of 1 million inhabitants per week.

  22. Homework for Nov 20th • DST Population distribution and growth • Urban Growth: BBC website worksheet Next week: The Royal Tenenbaumsat the Diagonal Cinema

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