Barbara Kazmierczak, MD PhD April 4, 2017

1. Choosing and applying for research residencies and fellowships: paths to basic, translational and research careers for physician-scientists Barbara Kazmierczak, MD PhD April 4, 2017

2. The arc of a research career • Predoctoral student • Learn how to breakdown a research question into experimentally tractable units. • Learn how to structure, carry out and analyze experiments. • Learn how to present your results in the context of the field. (Medical training) • Postdoctoral scientist • Identify important questions in your field. • Establish unique expertise in your field. • Generate data supporting grant applications & papers. • Recruit, train and mentor a team. • Get a job.

3. Research Residencies: the ABIM Research Pathway as an example • Planning: must occur in PGY-1, and ABIM needs to be notified in PGY-2. • Needs the support of the residency program director. • Must satisfactorily complete 24 months of accredited categorical internal medicine training, with a minimum of 20 months involving direct patient care responsibility.

4. Short-tracking • Research residency training can be combined with clinical subspecialty training. • In this case, the minimum full-time clinical training required for the subspecialty is also required for certification through the research pathway. 24 months: Cardiology 18 months: GI Heme/Onc Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Rheumatology/Allergy & Immunology 12 months: All others

5. Ground rules • In every case, at least 3 years of research training at 80% effort is required. • The last year of research may be done as part of a full-time faculty position, but 80% research time is required. • If research training is done as part of internal medicine, 20% of each year must be spent in clinical experiences including ½ day/week continuity clinic. • If research training is done during subspecialty, at least ½ day/week must be spent in an ambulatory clinic.

15. Variables to consider when applying to PSTP programs • Many, but not all short track programs want you to know what “subspecialty” you are interested in pursuing. • The commitment from the program is conditional: you have to do well as an intern and resident to move forward into your fellowship year. • Your commitment is usually not binding: you can change institution between specialty and subspecialty training (by entering the subspecialty match as a PGY-2). • Flexibility in choosing a research mentor is usually high, but may be determined by where the $$ come from to pay your salary as a research fellow. (T32 administered by section or dept. vs institutional funds to a fellow vs postdoc mentor vs individual fellowship).

19. Research training in surgical sub-specialties: a program-by-program situation Example: Johns Hopkins Department of Surgery

20. Access to Physician Scientist Training Programs (PSTP) Northwestern University

21. Neurology: program-by-program opportunities

22. Psychiatry: NIMH (R25) Research Education Programs supporting Psychiatry residents

23. NIMH R25 funded programs

24. Pathology Radiology OB/GYNOphthalmologyAnesthesiology Radiation Oncology…

25. Will I go broke doing science?

26. MDs doing research are likely to be paid more than PhDs—but not always NIH T32/NRSA Yale DOM resident salaries

27. Research for the MD: How do I pay off my student loans?

30. Questions? Comments?Discussion….