Tuesday Warm up March 4, 2014

1. Tuesday Warm upMarch 4, 2014 • Write the sentences and fill in the blanks. • The moon’s terminator moves from _____to _______. • When the lighted face of the moon is getting larger it is called a _______moon. • _______phase occurs when the Earth is between the sun and moon. • Draw a waning gibbous moon.

2. New Moon The new moon phase occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth. When this occurs, there is a possibility of having a solar eclipse. Solar eclipses do not happen each month because the orbit of the Moon is 10o off from the orbit of the Earth. Moon’s Orbit

3. Waxing Crescent The Moon revolves around the Earth. Waxing means to increase in size. This refers to the lit portion of the Moon. Crescent refers to the shape. Remember, the line dividing the light from the dark is called the terminator. The terminator moves from right to left.

4. First Quarter When the Moon has gone one fourth of the way around the Earth, it is called the first quarter. From our point of view, the right half of the Moon is lit.

5. Waxing Gibbous The gibbous phase looks like a fat football. The word gibbous means bulging. During the waxing gibbous phase, the lit side of the Moon continues to grow in size.

6. Full Moon During the full moon, we see the light reflecting from the entire surface of the moon facing the Earth. During this phase, it is possible to have a lunar eclipse.

7. Waning Gibbous During the waning phase of the Moon, the lit portion decreases in size. The waning gibbous occurs after the full moon.

8. Third Quarter The third quarter has the lit side on the left. The Moon is three fourths of the way around its orbit.

9. Waning Crescent The waning crescent gets smaller and smaller, until the Moon completes its orbit and begins a new cycle with another new moon.

10. What phase is this? First Quarter

11. What phase? New Moon

12. What phase? Waning Gibbous

13. What phase? Full Moon

14. What phase? Waxing Crescent

15. What type of eclipse could occur during this phase? Lunar Eclipse

16. What phase? First Quarter

17. What phase? Waning Crescent

18. Lunar Eclipses

19. A solar eclipse happens when the moon blocks our view of the sun. This happens when the Moon is exactly between the Sun and the Earth.

20. LUNAR ECLIPSE • A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth's shadow falls on the moon. • Lunar eclipses occur, on average, about every 6 months. • Types of Lunar Eclipses • Total Eclipse - When the entire moon enters the Earth's umbra • Partial Eclipse - When only part of the moon enters the • Earth's umbra

21. The Bay of Fundi Tides

22. Gravity • Remember gravity is an invisible force of attraction between two objects. • What celestial object is attracted to the Earth? • The moon • What celestial object is the Earth attracted to? • The Sun

23. Effect of the moon on the Earth • The moon’s gravity also pulls on the Earth, but because the Earth is solid, it doesn’t seem to respond. • However, the Earth is mostly covered with water. Water is a liquid and does respond to the pull of the moon. This response creates tides.

24. Tides • The how and the why of tide formation is very complex. • This presentation will try to simplify how and why tides form. • To do this….

25. Imagine that there is nothing but water covering the Earth.

26. Now imagine looking at the Earth from above the North Pole. N

27. Let’s add the moon to this system. N

28. The moon pulls on the water. N This creates a bulge.

29. But because the Earth is spinning there are actually 2 bulges created. N You’ll learn more about this in a course called Physics.

30. This bulge of water follows the moon as it orbits the Earth. N

31. It takes the moon about 28 days to revolve around the Earth. N

32. This makes the times that the tides occur change in a predictable pattern.

33. But there is more going on than just the revolution of the moon around the Earth . N The Earth rotates every day.

34. Let’s put a person on the equator of the Earth. Remember you are looking at the Earth from the North Pole, so this person appears to be on the edge of the Earth.

35. As the Earth rotates, the person will move through two very high bulges of water and two areas of low water each day.

36. We call these areas high tide and low tide. Remember in a 24 hour period of rotation, there are 2 high tides and 2 low tides.

37. This is what it looks like with both motions.

38. Spring Tides • When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line- the variation between high tide and low tide is greatest. This occurs during the full moon and new moon. Low Tide High Tide

39. Neap Tides • When the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a perpendicular arrangement- the variation between high tide and low tide is not great. This occurs during the first and third quarter moon. Low Tide High Tide

40. Tides are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. The gravitational attraction of the moon causes the oceans to bulge out in the direction of the moon. Another bulge occurs on the opposite side, since the Earth is also being pulled toward the moon (and away from the water on the far side). Since the earth is rotating while this is happening, two high and two low tides occur each day.

41. Spring TidesSpring tides are especially strong high tides during the full moon and the new moon. The gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun both contribute to the spring tides.

42. Neap TidesNeap tides are especially weak tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are perpendicular to one another (with respect to the Earth). Neap tides occur during both quarter moons.