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Building a State and National Phenology Network

Building a State and National Phenology Network. Prof. Mark D. Schwartz Department of Geography, UW-Milwaukee Wisconsin Phenological Society. Definition of Phenology.

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Building a State and National Phenology Network

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  1. Building a State and National Phenology Network Prof. Mark D. Schwartz Department of Geography, UW-Milwaukee Wisconsin Phenological Society

  2. Definition of Phenology • Phenologywhich is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear, is the study of periodic biological events in the animal and plant world as influenced by the environment, especially temperature changes driven by weather and climate. • Seasonality is a related term, referring to similar non-biological events, such as timing of the fall formation and spring break-up of ice on fresh water lakes.

  3. Examples of Phenology • Sprouting, leafing, and flowering of plants in Spring • Leaf color change in Autumn • Bird migration and nesting • Insect hatches • Animal hibernation

  4. Lilac First Leaf

  5. Lilac First Bloom

  6. History of Phenology • Ancient and traditional uses related to agriculture, due to the connection of changes in the local environment to plant development. • Specific events can serve as “indicators” to guide other activities. This can be useful for garden planting in the Spring, especially for early season crops, or if some early planting risk is needed to ensure success.

  7. New Uses of Phenology • Global Change Science—phenological observations serve as an independent measure of the effect of climate change on biological organisms. • Ecosystem linkages—phenological observations at different levels of the food chain (plant growth, insect hatching, bird feeding/nesting) can shed light on “ripple effects” of climate change.

  8. Integrated Approach to Global Change-related Phenology • Satellite Observations (AVHRR-NDVI) • Indicator Species Phenology • Native Species Phenology

  9. Example: Lilac First Leaf Date 1961-2000 Slope(changes are in days/year at each station)

  10. Example: SI First Leaf Date 1961-2000 Slope(changes are in days/year at each station)

  11. Example: North. Hem. SI First Leaf Date Departures

  12. Specific Concerns for Observers • Appropriate Organisms—need to select species to observe that are appropriate to desired objective (local gardening, global change, etc.) • Precise definition of events—if part of a larger study, all observers must have a clearly defined way to make sure they are all defining the event they record in the same way

  13. Opportunities to participate • Wisconsin Phenological Society and Network, http://www.naturenet.com/alnc/wps/ • National Phenology Network, http://www.npn.uwm.edu • Other networks, http://www.uwm.edu/~mds/markph.html

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