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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions “ Redox ”

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions “ Redox ”. LEO SAYS GER. Oxidation and Reduction ( Redox ). Electrons are transferred. Spontaneous redox rxns can transfer energy Electrons (electricity) Heat. Non-spontaneous redox rxns can be made to happen with electricity.

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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions “ Redox ”

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  1. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions“Redox” LEO SAYS GER

  2. Oxidation and Reduction (Redox) • Electrons are transferred • Spontaneous redoxrxns can transfer energy • Electrons (electricity) • Heat • Non-spontaneous redoxrxns can be made to happen with electricity

  3. Oxidation Reduction Reactions(Redox) Each sodium atom loses one electron: Each chlorine atom gains one electron:

  4. LEO says GER : Lose Electrons = Oxidation Sodium is oxidized Gain Electrons = Reduction Chlorine is reduced

  5. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRules 1 & 2 • The oxidation number of any uncombined element is zero 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals its charge

  6. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRules 3 & 4 3.The oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is -2 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen in compounds is +1

  7. Rules for Assigning Oxidation Number Rule 5 5. The sum of the oxidation numbers in the formula of a compound is 0 2(+1) + (-2) = 0 H O (+2) + 2(-2) + 2(+1) = 0 Ca O H

  8. Rules for Assigning Oxidation NumbersRule 6 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers in the formula of a polyatomic ion is equal to its charge X + 4(-2) = -2 S O X + 3(-2) = -1 N O  X = +5  X = +6

  9. The Oxidation Number Rules - SIMPLIFIED 1. The sum of the oxidation numbers in ANYTHING is equal to its charge 2. Hydrogen in compounds is +1 3. Oxygen in compounds is -2

  10. Not All Reactions are Redox Reactions Reactions in which there has been no change in oxidation number are not redoxrxns. Examples:

  11. This slide refers to vocabulary that has been excluded from AP Chemistry by the College Board, and will not be tested. Reducing Agents and Oxidizing Agents • The substance reduced is the oxidizingagent • The substance oxidized is the reducingagent Sodium is oxidized – it is the reducing agent Chlorine is reduced – it is the oxidizing agent

  12. Trends in Oxidation and Reduction • Active metals: • Lose electrons easily • Are easily oxidized • Active nonmetals: • Gain electrons easily • Are easily reduced

  13. Redox Reaction Prediction #1

  14. Redox Reaction Prediction #2

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