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Chapter 29

Chapter 29. Axis Allies Germany United States Italy England Japan France Soviet Union. Lean Lease. Money used for:

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Chapter 29

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  1. Chapter 29

  2. Axis Allies Germany United States Italy England Japan France Soviet Union

  3. Lean Lease Money used for: • 1st peacetime draft • Ships • Planes • Aide for Britain

  4. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941

  5. So what happen, really? • Japan invades Indo-China (Viet Nam, Cambodia) • U.S. protests move and stops trade with Japan • Now Japan has no way to get much needed oil, the U.S. blocks them Japan: not happy campers! Attack on Pearl Harbor

  6. In 2 hours time: • Battleship Oklahoma sinks- all 415 drown • Arizona sinks- 1000 dead • 19 ships in all are sunk or damaged • 149 planes • All most ½ of Navy fleet Total dead: 2,400

  7. One thing leads to another FDR speaks to U.S. Congress declares war Axis declares war on U.S.

  8. The War in Europe 48 Countries fight with the Allies starting in North Africa November 1942 100,000 allied troops Goal: Capture AfrikaKorps led by Desert Fox- General Edwin Rommel May 1942 AfrikaKorps surrenders

  9. On to Italy Across the Mediterranean Sea Sicily falls to Allies Now the hard part: fighting over mountains Italy surrenders, but Germany will not. Fighting continues in Italy for 2 more years

  10. Russia verses Germany The Battle of Stalingrad • Germany reach Stalingrad summer 1942 • Bombing goes on nonstop, Germans surround city • Russians hold out, winter starts • Russians now surround the Germans • Germany surrenders Stalingrad Cost? 1,250,000 Russians die

  11. D-DAY June 6, 1944 176,000 troops 4,000 land craft 600 warships 11,000 planes Largest combined land- sea operation in history

  12. 1. Bombing French coast 2. Parachute behind enemy lines 3. Land on beach Many Deaths 2 weeks later- millions of Allied troops head inland

  13. A Horrible Discovery:Concentration Camps Jews Gypsies Poles Holocaust 11 million die more then ½ of the European Jews

  14. APRIL 30, 1945V-E DAY

  15. The War in the Pacific By Sept of 1942- Japan controls 1/7 of earth Midway Island- May 1942- Japan heads to Midway for an invasion Purpose- perfect set-up to invade Hawaii Result-United States hits Japan’s fleet: Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers, 322 planes

  16. AFTER MIDWAY “Island hopping” Allies head to Japan, one island at a time Start with easy to take islands- set up bases-disrupt Japan supply line. Unintended consequence- Starved out lots of Japanese on the island Worked but was NOT easy!

  17. OKINAWA Final obstacle between final invasion of Japan 40,000 U.S. dead/hurt 100,00 Japanese dead

  18. KAMIKAZE DIVINE WIND Named for a legendary storm that saved Japan from invasion in 1281 Japan’s act of desperation Killed over 5,000 seaman

  19. Atomic Bomb Manhattan Project 1st tested July 1945 (3 months after FDR dies) Hiroshima Nagasaki 100,000 die 70,000 die Japan surrenders

  20. Enola Gay WAS IT WORTH IT? Most Americans believe it save many American lives. What do you think?

  21. August 1, 1945V-J Day It’s all over……. Not really

  22. YOU’RE IN THE ARMY NOW Who served: Men, Women, Blacks, Whites, Native Americans, Japanese Americans, City folk, Farmers, Northerners, Southerners, West Coast, East Coast. 3 month basic training- designed to turn raw recruits into fighting team A little less then ½ actually went overseas

  23. Life as a Combat G.I. Death, Noise, Isolation, Homesickness, Fear Why Would Anyone DO This??? • Patriotism • The desire to help a buddy

  24. War-time Government • War Production Board • transfer American factories into war making factories • Banned production of nonessential goods ( like coat hangers) • Nation wide collection drive For recycling things into war time. Examples : Auto makers : tanks, jeeps, trucks Shirt makers: mosquito nets Recycled goods: Iron, tin cans, paper, rags, cooking fat

  25. 2. War Labor Board Set up to ensure no disruption of production- no worker strikes Examples: • 1939- 6,000 planes 1944- 96,000 • Shipbuilding cut from 8 months to 22 days 2 years after Pearl Harbor- U.S. produces more military equipment then all other Axis countries combined

  26. War bonds Sold to help finance the war

  27. 3. Office of War Information Propaganda designed keep the public’s moral high Any story must be read by government before publication

  28. “Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without” Office of Price Administration (OPA) • Price controls- designed to avoid inflation • Rationing

  29. Spam, Spam, Spam YUMMY !!! Coupons + $ = buying goods • Meat- feed soldiers • Sugarcane- gunpowder • Coffee- ships for import used instead to ship military Goods.

  30. Victory Gardens & Pocketless Pants Everyone does their part by 1944, 20 million gardens produce 1/3 of US vegetables

  31. Steel used for weapons means no • lawn mowers, bike, or hairpins • Cloth used for uniforms means no • pleats in ladies skirts, or pockets • in men’s pants

  32. Women during Wartime 6 million women in the workforce: Welders electricians machinists police officers doctors taxi drivers railroad workers 1944- 18 million workers (3 X as many as 1941… 6 million are women)

  33. Women in the Military “Free a Man to Fight” Women fill non combat assignments: Radar operators armed guards translators code breakers test pilots flight instructors nurses

  34. Japanese Americans Internment Camps 120,000 Japanese Americans forced to leave homes on West Coast

  35. WHY?? Years of suspension gets worse after Pearl Harbor Sent to U.S. deserts, barbed wire surrounded camps, with no running water, and very over crowded. Still…. They serve: in the Pacific- as interpreters in Europe- 442nd Regiment (earned more medals then any other brigade)

  36. FINALLY In 1988; $20,000 given to each interment camp survivor along with an apology!

  37. African Americans 900,000 serve 92nd Infantry- Buffaloes- won 200 medals 99th Pursuit Squadron- Tuskegee Fliers Dorie Miller

  38. African Americans served mostly in non-combat roles in segregated camps. Slowly it changes. By the end of the war, blacks and whites served side by side on the same ships

  39. On the home front Discrimination keeps Blacks out of factories, except as janitors A. Phillip Randolph leads march on D.C. FDR forced to outlaw discrimination in defense industry “ Hitler was the one that got us out of white folks kitchens”

  40. Mexican Americans Sgt. Jose Lopez “one-man army” Congressional Medal of Army

  41. 500,000 Serve No Segregation, but plenty of prejudice Nevertheless: shown that there is life off of the farm

  42. Bracero Program Designed to bring Mexican Americans to U.S. to help farmers Many move to cities into “barrios” “ZOOT SUITS” Long jackets, baggy suits

  43. Jewish Americans Between 1933-1941: Immigration limited to 100,000 • Anti Semitism alive and well in U.S. • 1942 news of death camps reach U.S. • 400 Rabbi march on D.C. • 1944 FDR creates War Refugee Board 200,000 Jew are rescued in a few months time Too little too late

  44. Jewish Servicemen A very personal reason to serve 500,000 serve bigger % then Americans as a whole 2,000 decorated by war’s end

  45. Summary WW II Unites America But Shows the divisions within America

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