Delise H. Sanders Madison Creek Goodlettsville, Tennessee

1. Listening to the Voices: Using a Child's Perspective to Teach the American Civil War to Adolescents Delise H. Sanders Madison Creek Goodlettsville, Tennessee

2. The InspirationUnanswered Questions TAH Grant: Summer Trip to Civil War Historic Sites • Battle of Nashville • Historic Homes – What about the children who were present during the battles? • Shiloh and Chickamauga-What was Johnny Clem’s first battle? • Diaries of young witnesses

3. Books that are written from a child’s point of view…..

5. The Carter HouseThe Carter House was purchasedby the State of Tennessee in 1951 and first opened to the public in 1953. Today it is a Registered Historic Landmark dedicated to all Americans who fought in this battle.

6. “The fighting soon became brutal and fiendishly savage, with men bayoneted and clubbed to death in the Carter yard.  A Confederate soldier was bayoneted on the front steps of the Carter House.  Men were clubbing, clawing, punching, stabbing and choking each other.  The smoke from the cannons and guns was so thick that you could not tell friend from foe.” “During the five hours of fighting, the Carter Family took refuge in their basement.  23 men, women and children (many under the age of 12) were safely protected while the horrible cries of war rang out above them.  The head of the family, Fountain Branch Carter, a 67-year old widower, had seen 3 of his sons fight for the Confederacy.  One son, Theodrick (Tod), was serving as an aid for General T.B. Smith on the battlefield and saw his home for the first time in 3.5 years.  Crying out, "Follow me boys, I'm almost home," Captain Tod Carter was mortally wounded and died 2 days later at the Carter House.”  “After the battle, like so many homes in Franklin, the parlor of the Carter House was converted into a Confederate field hospital and witnessed many surgeries and amputations. ” http://www.carterhouse1864.com/history.htm

7. Basement of the Carter House

8. This is an exterior wall of the small building next to the Carter House. There are bullet holes from the battle still visible today.

9. 10,000 Luminaries honor the casualties—November 30, 2008

10. Carnton Plantation

11. The young witnesses… Winder & Hattie McGavock circa 1865

12. What did they see? • Carnton was used as a field hospital for the hundreds of dying Confederates during the Battle of Franklin. • The hardwood floors of the home were permanently stained with the blood of the wounded. • When the house was full, the wounded were placed in the yard. • In early 1866, John and Carrie McGavock designated two acres of land adjacent to their family cemetery as a final burial place for nearly 1,500 Confederate soldiers killed during the Battle of Franklin. The McGavocks maintained the cemetery until their respective deaths. http://www.carnton.org/history.htm

13. The Widow of the Southby Robert Hicks "Carrie McGavock takes it upon herself to tend after the Confederate wounded; later, she and her husband will rebury 1,500 of the fallen on their property. 'I was not a morbid woman,' Carrie allows, 'but if death wanted to confront me, well, I would not turn my head.' An impressive addition to the library of historical fiction of the Civil War." The novel is said to be a mixture of fact and fiction.

14. .Others from Franklin, Tennessee: Fannie Courtney (age 19)After the Battle of Franklin, Fannie and her Mother took charge of 120 wounded men who occupied the Presbyterian church---It being the Largest Federal hospital and another home near their own house.Fannie’s 12 year old brother went along and would raise the weary heads of the soldiers to give them coffee or water and feed those who were not able to do so themselves. He also went upon the battlefields and helped bury the dead Thomas Norfleet Figuers (1846 - 1935)Thomas at age 15 enlisted in Co. D 32 Tennessee Infantry . After it was determined that he was underage, he was discharged and returned to Franklin. After the Battle of Franklin, he helped his mother care for the wounded solders in the Figuers Home. CivilWarTalk.com

15. Thomas Norfleet Figuers (1846 - 1935)Thomas at age 15 enlisted in co. D 32 Tennessee Infantry . After it was determined that he was underage, he was discharged and returned to Franklin. After the Battle of Franklin he Helped his mother care for the wounded solders in the Figuers Home.

16. Alice Williamson DiaryAn On-line Archival Collection Special Collections Library, Duke University Alice

17. Mar. 22. Cold and windy. Paynes behavior moderate. No murdering going on. Grand Military Ball coming off Tuesday 29th Mrs. P. looked for daily. Mar. 30th. I have started to school and have not had time to write for Mrs. Cage keep the pupils busy for fear of having to sit on the disgrace bench with that horrid old dunce cap. The ball came off with great splendor. Old Dilsy (Mrs. Payne) came down Monday. Every negro in the country was pressed Monday to work on the fortifications to keep that thief Morgan out-so the Gen. says April 1st. Unusually cold for this month; rainy and windy. Anna’s words……

18. About Alice…. • Census records indicate Alice was about 16 years old at the time the diary was written. • She had a large family of at least 8 children. • Her family’s occupation was farming. • She lived near Union occupied Gallatin, Tennessee. • She should have finished high school in 1862, but the war closed the school. She graduated in 1867. • She died in 1869 at the age of 21. • Alice’s clearly indicates her dislike for the Union and tells of the hardships of living in a small rural community during the war. Rebellion Revisited, a History of Sumner County, Tennessee From 1861 to 1870 by Walter Durham

19. Student Diary Activities • You Need:4 sheets 8 1/2" x 11" white paper hole punched1 sheet 8 1/2" x 11" colored paper1 elastic band (I used size 33. You don't have to have this exact size but it needs to be long enough to go through the holes and stretch around the stick.)1 stick about 7 1/2" long or a sturdy stick of the same size to give it a more rustic appearance. Tongue depressors also work great! • Making the Book • 1. Tape all your sheets of paper together to make them even and fold the stack in half. The colored paper should be on the outside. • 2. Punch two holes about 1/4" in from the folded edge of the paper through all the layers. They should be about 1 ½ inches from the top and bottom.. • 3. From the back of the book, thread one end of the rubber band through the top hole and insert the stick into the loop. • 4. At the back of the book, pull the other end of the elastic down and put it through the bottom hole. Insert the other end of the stick into the loop.

20. Monument on the Calcasieu Parish Courthouse lawn in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Wanted: Young men who like to get up early, make noise all day, love exercise and excitement. If interested, please see the nearest Army Recruiter …

21. Are you an early riser? Is 5 am too early? That's when the drummers had to get up. Every morning at 5 a.m. they played reveille to awaken all the other soldiers. It didn't make them very popular at breakfast. Do you like to make noise all day? Getting the Army out of bed in the morning was just the first thing the drummers had to do. Next came: roll call -- so the officers could make sure everyone got up, sick call -- to find out who was sick, breakfast call -- to eat breakfast (usually pork, beans, and two dried biscuits, called hard-tack), drill call -- to practice being a soldier or a drummer, dinner call -- to eat again, file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/acreader/My%20Documents/Children%20at%20War/Heroes.html

22. Union Drummer Boys • 100,000 boys under 15 enlisted in the Union Army • 300 boys under 13 enlisted • The youngest documented boy soldier is Tommy Hubler. He was 9 when he enlisted with his father. • There is conflicting information about John Clem, “The Drummer Boy of Shiloh”

23. At the age of ten ran away from home—joined 24th Ohio or 22nd Michigan. He served at Shiloh, earning the nickname "Johnny Shiloh" for his steadiness. Later transferring to the "22nd Michigan“ Clem drummed at Chickamauga -- where he earned the nickname "The Drummer Boy of Chickamauga“. After the war he attempted to win an appointment to West Point, but was said to be weak academically. President Ulysses S. Grant, in whose army he had drummed at Shiloh, gave him a military commission. He served 47 years. Controversy currently rages over Clem's wartime experiences. There is no doubt that Clem was present at Chickamauga, but historians increasingly question his purported exploits at Shiloh. Skeptics accurately argue that the Twenty-Second Michigan did not officially form until well after the Battle of Shiloh, so there is no way that Clem could have participated in the battle, at least with this regiment. There is always the possibility that Clem served with another unit at that time, but if this is so, it has been lost to history. Some scholars now contend that Northern reporters enhanced Clem's exploits to help promote the war effort.   http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=85 John Clem---Two sides to the story..

24. Roster 22nd Michigan InfantryCompany C • Brown, George W. Detroit 18 • Brown, Orlando Kenockee 19 • Burley, John R. Brockway 24 • Burt, Charles Wales 20 Bush, • George E. Wales 18 • Cameron, John C. Port Huron 28 • Campbell, Elijah Port Huron 19 • Carson, John H. Port Huron 18 • Clem, John Nashville, Tn 13

25. “The Drummer Boy” of Shiloh that was NOT John Clem…. • http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm.conf0166/ http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm.conf0166/ Full version can be downloaded.

27. http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=December&Date=19http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=December&Date=19

28. http://www.sonofthesouth.net/Civil_War_Drummer_Boy.htm The upper left inset image shows the boy washing his face in the morning in a wooden bucket.  The upper center image is captioned, "The Favorite in Camp", and it presents a touching image of the young boy sitting in a soldiers lap, listening to stories of the war.  Another soldier is pictured nearby reading a copy of Harper's Weekly.  The upper right image is captioned, "Our Daily Bread", and shows the drummer boy enjoying a nice meal of warm bread and coffee.  The center left image is a touching picture of the small boy leaving for war.  He is crying, and his entire family is weeping and obviously upset at his departure.  A soldier is seen standing with his hand out, to take the boy away.  The boy has his drum on his back. The lower left inset image pictures the young boy writing a letter home, using his drum as a desk. 

29. http://www.sonofthesouth.net/Civil_War_Drummer_Boy.htm The lower center image shows the boy marching into battle, providing the cadence on his drum for the soldiers march to.  A look of bravery and determination can be seen on the small boys face.  The lower right image shows the boy with a happy smile, reading a letter from home.  The most interesting image shows the boy returning home from the war.  The interesting thing is that he left a little boy, and is returning a young man.  His family can be seen staring at him as if they do not even recognize him.  The grandmother is adjusting her glasses as if she can not believe that the little boy has grown into a young man How could these Thomas Nast illustrations best be used in the classroom?

30. Confederate Drummer Boys • George S. Lamkin of Winona, Mississippi, joined Stanford's MississippiBattery when he was eleven, and before his twelfth birthday was severelywounded at Shiloh. • E.G. Baxter, of Clark County, Kentucky, is recorded as enlisting in CompanyA, 7th Kentucky Cavalry in June, 1862,when he was not quite thirteen and a year later was a second lieutenant. • John Bailey Tyler, of D Troop, 1st Maryland Cavalry, born in Frederick,Maryland, in 1849, was twelve when war came. He fought with his regiment until the end, without a wound. • Often these young boys got into trouble for not doing their duty. Perhaps they overslept or fell asleep while on guard. In some cases they were sentenced to death. A few of them appealed directly to President Lincoln for leniency. Lincoln often granted a pardon for him. Other times Lincoln ordered that the boy be spanked! • [GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES] Civil War Drummer Boys by "Sally Pavia

31. Unknown Drummer Boy

32. Students can write: a letter home from the perspective of a drummer boy facing battle. a description of what occurred in a battle. A poem about a specific battle Other activities…..

33. Activities: Journals Timelines Postcards Letters Compare contrast

34. The Children of Lincoln and Davis

35. file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/acreader/My%20Documents/Civil%20War%20Children/lincolndavis.htmlfile:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/acreader/My%20Documents/Civil%20War%20Children/lincolndavis.html http://www.radford.edu/~sbisset/civilwar.htm http://www.nps.gov/archive/libo/lincolns_auto_bio3.htm Baker, Jean H. Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography (W.W. Norton: New York, 1987), 429p. Donald, David Herbert. We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (Simon &Schuster, 2003), 269p. Lincoln, Mary.