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KEY DATES

KEY DATES. 1970: E.P.A. CREATED APRIL 22: 1 ST OFFICIAL “EARTH DAY” MARCH 28, 1979: THREE MILE ISLAND ACCIDENT APRIL 26, 1986: CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT MARCH, 1989: EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL. ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTALISM. 1962: RACHEL CARSON PUBLISHES SILENT SPRING SUBJECT?

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KEY DATES

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  1. KEY DATES • 1970: E.P.A. CREATED • APRIL 22: 1ST OFFICIAL “EARTH DAY” • MARCH 28, 1979: THREE MILE ISLAND ACCIDENT • APRIL 26, 1986: CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT • MARCH, 1989: EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL

  2. ROOTS OF ENVIRONMENTALISM • 1962: RACHEL CARSON PUBLISHES SILENT SPRING • SUBJECT? • DANGERS OF WIDESPREAD PESTICIDE USE IN AMERICA • PRIMARY TARGET: DDT • ½ MILLION COPIES SOLD W/IN 6 WEEKS • EFFECTS? • HEIGHTENED PUBLIC AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • JKF ESTABLISHES COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ISSUE • 1963: CONGRESS PASSES CLEAN AIR ACT*** • 1972: DDT OUTLAWED • ***DID WHAT? REGULATED CAR & INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS

  3. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS • WHEN DOES ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROW? • 1970’s • NIXON & CARTER ADMINISTRATIONS • MAJOR ISSUES: • POLLUTION • CONSERVATION • “DANGERS” OF NUCLEAR ENERGY • URBANIZATION

  4. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS • MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS: • EARTH DAY: • 1ST OFFICIAL ONE: APRIL 22, 1970 • WHAT IS IT? • WHOSE IDEA? SEN. NELSON, WISC. • BECOMES ANNUAL EVENT • NIXON PROMOTES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • EX.: 1970: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (E.P.A.) CREATED • DOES WHAT? • SETS / ENFORCES POLLUTION STANDRADS • CONDUCTS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH • ASSISTS LOCAL GOV’T. IN POLLUTION CONTROL

  5. ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT GROWS • NIXON’s CONTRIBUTION (CONT’D.) • 1970: CLEAN AIR ACT: DID WHAT? • REDUCED ALLOWABLE CAR EMISSIONS • FORCED AUTO MAKERS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS BY 90% • RESULT? • AUTO MAKERS DEVELOP CATALYTIC CONVERTER • RESULTS IN DEVELOPMENT OF UNLEADED GASOLINE • THE HOG LOSES OVER 45 LBS. ONLY TO GAIN IT ALL BACK WHEN THE LOCAL MCDONALDS OPENS • CONGRESS PASSES OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS: • ENDANGERED SPECIES PROTECTED • STRIP MINING LIMITED • PROBLEM: NOBODY’S SATISFIED • CONSERVATIVES: LAWS HURT BIG BUSINESS • LIBERALS: LAWS DIDN’T GO FAR ENOUGH

  6. OTHER MAJOR EVENTS • 1968: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD CO. • MAJOR OIL FIELD DISCOVERY IN ALASKA • 1974: CONSTRUCTION ON THE ALASKA PIPELINE BEGINS • PROS? • JOBS CREATED • REVENUE ($) FOR STATE OF ALASKA • CONS? • POSSIBLE THREAT TO ALASKA WILDLIFE • POSSIBLE THREAT TO NATIVE AMER. LANDS • RESULT? • 1971: ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT • 1978: CARTER MAKES 56 MIL. ACRES NAT’L. MONUMENTS • 1980: 104 MIL. ACRES BECOME CONSERVATION AREAS

  7. Alaska Pipeline

  8. Alaska Pipeline

  9. OTHER MAJOR EVENTS • MARCH 28, 1979: THREE MILE ISLAND NUCLEAR ACCIDENT • WHERE? PA. • WHAT? FAILURE IN COOLING SYSTEM • RESULT? • MEDIA COVERAGE EXTENSIVE • VERY LOW-LEVEL RADIATION ESCAPES • GOV’T. TIGHTENS NUCLEAR INDUSTRY SAFETY MEASURES • APRIL 26, 1986: CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER • WHERE? UKRAINE, USSR • WHAT? MASSIVE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT/ RADIATION LEAK • MARCH, 1989: EXXON VALDEZ TANKER SPILL • WHERE? PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA • WHAT? • 11 MILLION GALLONS OF CRUDE OIL SPILL • MASSIVE WILDLIFE ENDANGERMENT / DEATH

  10. Three Mile Island

  11. Three Mile Island & Engineering System

  12. Chernobyl Fallout Radius

  13. Chernobyl After reactor Fire/explosion

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