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Environmental Management of Loud and Silent Disasters

Environmental Management of Loud and Silent Disasters. Erika J. Clesceri, Ph.D. USAID Food For Peace MEO Workshop for Mainstreaming Environmental Management Kasane, Botswana 16-20 May 2005. 3 Units. “A Comparison of IEE to Rapid Environmental Assessment” “How fast is ... Fast ??”

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Environmental Management of Loud and Silent Disasters

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  1. Environmental Management of Loud and Silent Disasters Erika J. Clesceri, Ph.D. USAID Food For Peace MEO Workshop for Mainstreaming Environmental Management Kasane, Botswana 16-20 May 2005

  2. 3 Units • “A Comparison of IEE to Rapid Environmental Assessment” • “How fast is ... Fast??” • “HIV/AIDS and Environment”

  3. A Comparison of IEE to Rapid Environmental Assessment for Disasters Erika J. Clesceri USAID/DCHA/FFP Developed by Charles Kelly, Benfield Hazard Research Centre & CARE International MEO Environmental Workshop Kasane, Botswana May 17-20, 2005

  4. ---The Problem--- • Existing environmental conditions often exacerbate disasters • Conflict, Deforestation • Disasters can result in negative environmental impacts • Relief aid can have positive or negative environmental impact • Depends on intervention design...

  5. REA Objectives • Examine the direct and indirect effects of disasters and environment • Understand potential costs of ignorance of environmental impacts of disaster response • Discuss “good practices” in designing environmentally-sound disaster responses

  6. Module 1 + Module 4 Module 3 Action Module 2 Summary of REA Procedure

  7. Module 1 Organization Level Assessment + Module 4 Module 3 Action Module 2 Summary of REA Procedure

  8. Module 1 Organization Level Assessment + Module 4 Module 3 Action Module 2 Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Summary of REA Procedure

  9. Module 1 Organization Level Assessment + Module 4 Module 3 Consolidation and Prioritization Action Module 2 Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Summary of REA Procedure

  10. Prioritize Issues and Actions Prioritize issues based on levels of threat to: • Life • Welfare • Environment L/ W/ E A Human- Centered & Ecologically-Sensitive Approach

  11. Module 1 Organization Level Assessment + Module 4 Green Review of Relief Procurement Module 3 Consolidation and Prioritization Action Module 2 Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Summary of REA Procedure

  12. Energy efficient equipment • Computers, Cook stoves/Jiko Examples of Green Procurement in Emergencies • Waste reduction • Plastic Wrapping, Bulk • Recycling • Plastic, Metal Life Cycle Analysis

  13. Life Cycle Analysis • What raw materials must be extracted to make the new item? • What are the pollution and social impacts of making it? • What materials and energy are needed to operate it? • What is the impact of its disposal?

  14. IEE REA Comparison of IEE to REA Approach • Designed For Development Projects • Evaluation of potential ENV impacts • Developed in response to legal mandate, negligent pesticide use (1970s) • Required for all USAID Projects & FFP EMER > 1 Year • Sustainability is Priority • Intended to be Comprehensive • Still Often Underutilized • Designed For Immediate Emergency Response • Evaluation of potential ENV impacts • Developed in response to perceived need, NOT legal mandate • NOT Required by USAID or Other Donors • Priority: Lives > Welfare > ENV • Timing >>> Perfection • Approach Far Underutilized

  15. Utility of REA to IEE?? • Use REA to Provide Initial Info for the IEE, like “Screening Exercise” • Help Prevent Problems in Relief that Development Will Have to Fix • Use to Help Design More ENV & Risk-Aware Development Projects • Use to Develop Disaster Mitigation Plans for Development Activities

  16. REA to Prioritize Issues for Immediate Disaster? To Avoid Unintended Consequences? IEE to Evaluate ENV Impacts of Development FFP IEE to Evaluate ENV Impacts of Emergency Lasting > 1 Year Landslide Transitioning from an Emergency…

  17. Module 2 Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Community Level Assessment Summary of REA Procedure Module 1 Organization Level Assessment + Module 4 Green Review of Relief Procurement Module 3 Consolidation and Prioritization Action? • Ranked Issues

  18. Ranked Issues

  19. How fast is...Fast?? How rapid is ...Rapid?? Everybody has their own standards...

  20. Sphere Handbook 2004 Edition Objective: • To Improve the quality of assistance provided to survivors of a disaster • To improve the accountability of the humanitarian community • To develop standard operating procedures for disaster assistance

  21. Sphere Handbook 2004 Edition • Standards for Wat/San, Food, Shelter, Health • Developed by field practitioners, research institutes, and cross-cutting experts in gender, HIV/AIDS, environment • Available in multiple languages

  22. “the Minimum Standards in Water Supply and Sanitation” 1 Analysis 2 Water Supply 3 Excreta Disposal 4 Vector Control 5 Solid Waste Management 6 Drainage 7 Hygiene Promotion 8 Human Resource Capacity and Training

  23. SOME QUANTITATIVE Sphere INDICATORS R = 500m At least 1 water point for 250 people Maximum distance from shelter to nearest water point is 500 m

  24. Use Sphere Standards • Wat/San • Nutrition • Food Aid • Shelter • Site Planning • Health

  25. Environmental Management ofLoud andSilentDisasters • “A Comparison of IEE to Rapid Environmental Assessment” • “How fast is ... Fast??” • “HIV/AIDS and Environment”

  26. HIV/AIDS & Economy “HIV/AIDS and the Economy is a 2-way relationship. HIV affects the economy through reduced capacity and diminishing economic returns affects the distribution of HIV.” Cohen, 1992, “Special Topics”

  27. HIV/AIDS & Migration “Development projects often are not aware of the strong positive relationship between substantial population movements and the spread of HIV/AIDS.” Cohen, 1992 , “Special Topics”

  28. Destructive Cycle: AIDS & ENV Health & Funeral Costs Sexual Risk Taking ENV & AIDS Short-Term NRM Exploitation & Loss Tenure Rights Urban Migration or “Environmental Refugees” Reduced Rural Assets

  29. HIV Impact Assessment (HIA)Pathmanathan et al. 2000, “Special Topics” • Help program designers to consider potential impact that a development project has on the spread of HIV • Aspires to mitigate impacts of a project on the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the same manner as the EIA minimizes negative environmental effects • Population movement issue...

  30. Can CB-NRM Help Reduce AIDS?Use HIV/AIDS-Sensitive Planning... • AIDS requires a community-based response • Monitor Impact of AIDS on NRM • Reform land tenure rights • Reduce need for population migration • Empower survivors & retain assets • Link or create health care systems • Incr. awareness of long-term benefits of NRM protection

  31. Environmental Management of Disasters...

  32. HIGH PRIORITY ISSUES For New FFP Guidance “Leveraging of Resourcesif Food Security Objective is met “ • HIV/AIDS Funding (PEPFAR) • Access DCHA FFP Emergency Resources to carry our Disaster Mitigation Schemes that using the REA and HIV-IA • EGAT CB-NRM Funds that are HIV-Sensitive • EGAT AG or DCHA FFP Integrated Farm Management

  33. Resource Acknowledgements • Charles Kelly, Benfield Hazard Research Center, London • Walter Knausenberger, USAID/REDSO

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