Knowledge Exchange Knowledge Mobilization: How do they increase impact Engaging with Scottish Local Authorities June 11

1. Knowledge Exchange & Knowledge Mobilization: How do they increase impact? Engaging with Scottish Local Authorities June 11, 2010, University of Glasgow Craig McNaughton Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada

2. Outline of presentation Keys to KMb impact SSHRC KMb programming SSHRC�s definition of KMb A �two-way� model for KMb Illustration of the model 5/16/2012 2

3. Two keys to KMb impact Ensure the knowledge is relevant to the partner or target audience Ensure the knowledge is relevant to the academics 5/16/2012 3

4. SSHRC programs in KMb Aid to Scholarly Journals Aid to Research Workshops & Conferences Public Outreach Knowledge Impact in Society Strategic Knowledge Clusters Community-University Research Alliances (CURA) Major Collaborative Research Initiatives (MCRI) Research grants (strategic & standard) New KMbPI division in 2008New KMbPI division in 2008

5. An inclusive definition of KMb KMb all-inclusive for SSHRC � includes KEKMb all-inclusive for SSHRC � includes KE

6. SSHRC definition of KMb Knowledge mobilization is about ensuring that all citizens benefit from publicly funded research. It can take many forms, but the essential objective is to allow research knowledge to flow both within the academic world, and between academic researchers and the wider community. By moving research knowledge into society, knowledge mobilization increases the intellectual, economic, social and cultural impact of that knowledge. Defn on website in our KMb Strategy Captures the 3 first elements Dominant idea: application Substative idea (means available for SSHRC): communication (flow) Promotional idea per SSHRC mandate Construction idea is a bit understated: reflected in idea of flow between academic researchers and the wider community � I would argue it is the reverse direction that is vital to effective KMb Defn on website in our KMb Strategy Captures the 3 first elements Dominant idea: application Substative idea (means available for SSHRC): communication (flow) Promotional idea per SSHRC mandate Construction idea is a bit understated: reflected in idea of flow between academic researchers and the wider community � I would argue it is the reverse direction that is vital to effective KMb

7. Public Outreach � Summary Table

8. Strategic Knowledge Clusters � Summary Table

9. Knowledge Impact in Society � Summary table

10. KMb infrastructure at Canadian universities York U: university-community/government matching services � interactive Web site, online tools, broadband networks, KM in the AM (university-community/government breakfasts), special events (e.g., Aboriginal Policy Research Forum, Science and Civic Engagement Symposium), etc. U Victoria: Research Help Desk, interdisciplinary graduate courses in community-based research, student-led research grants from the BC Government, Community-Based Summer Internship Program, etc. ResaerchImpact collaborationResaerchImpact collaboration

11. Memorial U: yaffle.ca (university-community search engine), public policy forums, videos, reports, regional workshops, graduate student-industry knowledge exchange, synergy sessions, etc. U Saskatchewan: Illative Blog, Policy Wiki, visioning events, social science research laboratory (web-based & telephone-based interviews, economic behavioural lab, data sets, GIS systems, mobile interviews) �among others � e.g., UQAM (recent report on KMb mission of the university � L�UQAM : une mission particuli�re de mobilisation des connaissances)

12. KMb & socio-economic impact

13. KMb: socio-economic & academic impact Socio-economic impact Scholarlship is not a-synchronous with KMb KMb is a way of generating valuable scholarship Validates research: test theory against practice; test observations, conclusions, insights with other experts Draws in new data, information, ideas Draws in material supports: people, money, facilities, connections Scholarlship is not a-synchronous with KMb KMb is a way of generating valuable scholarship Validates research: test theory against practice; test observations, conclusions, insights with other experts Draws in new data, information, ideas Draws in material supports: people, money, facilities, connections

14. Value of KMb to scholarship KMb provides an opportunity to test theory against practice KMb invites new or supplementary data and knowledge resources KMb draws in financial, human and material resources in support of research Talent partnerships contingent on new funds Results of KIS-Clusters workshops � build community of practice KMb Straetgy: Pragmatic � focus on specific contirbutions SSHRC can make: Programming Knowledge flow (tools, infrastructure) KMb community of practice Improved KMb guidelines, adjudication criteria & program design Increase SSH use of KMb infrastructure & tools (CFI; research reports) Build KMb community of practice at SSHRC & externally Talent partnerships contingent on new funds Results of KIS-Clusters workshops � build community of practice KMb Straetgy: Pragmatic � focus on specific contirbutions SSHRC can make: Programming Knowledge flow (tools, infrastructure) KMb community of practice Improved KMb guidelines, adjudication criteria & program design Increase SSH use of KMb infrastructure & tools (CFI; research reports) Build KMb community of practice at SSHRC & externally

15. Peer review and KMb Peer review in the university means that researchers must communicate their findings. Why? So they can be criticised and thereby improve their findings. The same principle applies in the wider circles of experts created by KMb Scholarly peer review is still central, but depending on the intellectual project, it may be advisable to bring in a wider range of experts from other disciplines, sectors and knowledge cultures

16. The intellectual value of KMb KMb has to do with keeping scholarship �on its toes� � challenging received truths, questioning dominant theory, experimenting with new methods, bringing in fresh ideas and perspectives

17. KMb & the focus on importing knowledge International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD): �Knowledge mobilization addresses how external knowledge (outside of the organization) is sought out and combined with internal knowledge to create new knowledge that meets the needs of target users/clients�. � It recognizes that organizing one's own intellectual capital does not necessarily lead to innovation or change; implicit in the concept is the need for working relationships with others.� What is KMb for SSHRC? Many definitions � our approach to KMb is quite inclusive But key elements: Flow of knowledge, not only from academy to non-academy; but also non-academy to academy + academy to academy among researchers and between researchers and knowledge �users cum producers�� Involves non-academic researchers, people in all sectors working through issues in a methodical/scholary way Intellectual value � not just a concept about socio-economic � nor should socio-economic solutions be viewed as separate from the intelletual work in which the academy shares P&Q meeting: heavy traffic around KMb � and divserse points of view or emphases 1. Application: desire to solve problems True of those outside the academy (eg govt, think tanks) who demand practical value in terms of socio-economic solutions, decision-making But also true of scholars � strong conscience 2. Communication: impetus to publish research results - Why not circulate the results � not that helpful to sequester research 3. Promotion: making the value of SSH real People get the general idea, but they don�t quite see how SSH affects their lives in real ways KMb connects the dots Includes justification of knowledge � eg with government 4. Integration: building scholarship KMb often seen as something scholars have to do on top of their normal duties � a kind of PR thing, or something demanded by the government It is actually quite closely related to research: Testing & revision of theory Gathering of addtional data, information Gathering of material resources, connnections for research What is KMb for SSHRC? Many definitions � our approach to KMb is quite inclusive But key elements: Flow of knowledge, not only from academy to non-academy; but also non-academy to academy + academy to academy among researchers and between researchers and knowledge �users cum producers�� Involves non-academic researchers, people in all sectors working through issues in a methodical/scholary way Intellectual value � not just a concept about socio-economic � nor should socio-economic solutions be viewed as separate from the intelletual work in which the academy shares P&Q meeting: heavy traffic around KMb � and divserse points of view or emphases 1. Application: desire to solve problems True of those outside the academy (eg govt, think tanks) who demand practical value in terms of socio-economic solutions, decision-making But also true of scholars � strong conscience 2. Communication: impetus to publish research results - Why not circulate the results � not that helpful to sequester research 3. Promotion: making the value of SSH real People get the general idea, but they don�t quite see how SSH affects their lives in real ways KMb connects the dots Includes justification of knowledge � eg with government 4. Integration: building scholarship KMb often seen as something scholars have to do on top of their normal duties � a kind of PR thing, or something demanded by the government It is actually quite closely related to research: Testing & revision of theory Gathering of addtional data, information Gathering of material resources, connnections for research

18. An example� An expert in workplace bullying, Judy MacIntosh at UNB is involved in research projects developed and carried out in partnership with community practitioners, as well as plain language websites and radio call-in shows: �Seeing how people respond and hearing their own stories really gives you the sense that you can make a difference in people�s lives. Their stories also help me confirm my own theories. They can point to new avenues of study, and sometimes, if you�re not on the right track, they�ll tell you that too.� �And, of course, I teach. There are so many opportunities to bring my research into classroom discussions.�

19. Humanities 101 article by Margo Pfeiff in Reader�s Digest, August 2003 on UBC initiative & original Clemente initiative of Earl Shorris Involved �25 adults aged 20 to 62�. single mothers, AIDS sufferers, new immigrants, ex-convicts, drug addicts, homeless people�. What they shared was an income below the poverty line, the ability to read a newspaper and a passion for learning�the only prerequisites for an eight-month course called Humanities 101�

20. The Economic Role and Influence of the Social Sciences and Humanities 2008 study by Ron Freedman at Impact Group compared economic inputs from SSH research & STEM research Some findings: SSH-based industries account for 76% of total employment � STEM industries account for 24% Industries that rely primarily on SSH inputs account for $696.7 billion of annual GDP output Industries that rely primarily on STEM inputs account for $431.4 billion of GDP In 2008, our evaluation division commissioned a study by Ron Freedman at the Impact Group called The Economic Role and Influence of the Social Sciences and Humanities: A Conjecture. science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM) SSH-based industries such as Thomson Corporation, Torstar Corporation, Cossette Communication Group, Cirque du Soleil, Canadian Western Bank, Manulife Financial Corporation, Stratford Festival and Industry Canada http://www.sshrc.ca/site/about-crsh/publications/impacts_e.pdf In 2008, our evaluation division commissioned a study by Ron Freedman at the Impact Group called The Economic Role and Influence of the Social Sciences and Humanities: A Conjecture. science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM) SSH-based industries such as Thomson Corporation, Torstar Corporation, Cossette Communication Group, Cirque du Soleil, Canadian Western Bank, Manulife Financial Corporation, Stratford Festival and Industry Canada http://www.sshrc.ca/site/about-crsh/publications/impacts_e.pdf

21. KMb model (all in) Impact University includes college Traditional university cycle: disseminate research results to other academics � to validate Get their criticism in order to�. improve knoweldge So a cycle of Impact and quality � a virtuous circle Same for realtionship between university and society, or external community Researchers apply their knowledge, publish their knowledge to have impact � on society�s issues, on culture, on community life The application can be via teaching, or public lectures, or newspaper articles, or contracts with the govt, or work with NGOs Not all university researchers are involved, nor involved all the time � some are just working with other academics � but at any one time, a % of academics are involved in moving knowledge out Coming back the other direction: As with academics reviewing the work of other academics, non-academic experts (notably those closest to the academy) can offer valuable critiques of scholarly work In any given area of human interest � there are experts everywhere The challenge is that they all think and speak, and act in different ways So Kmb is about articulating relationship between diverse agents � across sectors, fields, cultures, countries Impact or application of knoweldge Quality or validation of knowledge KMb: validating knowledge on both or all sides KMb: relevance of what we hold � but also of what is held by others SSHRC�s work: to establish and maintain valuable connections Importance of intermediaries University includes college Traditional university cycle: disseminate research results to other academics � to validate Get their criticism in order to�. improve knoweldge So a cycle of Impact and quality � a virtuous circle Same for realtionship between university and society, or external community Researchers apply their knowledge, publish their knowledge to have impact � on society�s issues, on culture, on community life The application can be via teaching, or public lectures, or newspaper articles, or contracts with the govt, or work with NGOs Not all university researchers are involved, nor involved all the time � some are just working with other academics � but at any one time, a % of academics are involved in moving knowledge out Coming back the other direction: As with academics reviewing the work of other academics, non-academic experts (notably those closest to the academy) can offer valuable critiques of scholarly work In any given area of human interest � there are experts everywhere The challenge is that they all think and speak, and act in different ways So Kmb is about articulating relationship between diverse agents � across sectors, fields, cultures, countries Impact or application of knoweldge Quality or validation of knowledge KMb: validating knowledge on both or all sides KMb: relevance of what we hold � but also of what is held by others SSHRC�s work: to establish and maintain valuable connections Importance of intermediaries

22. Making KMb make sense to the community SSHRC KIS project at the Queen�s University�s Monieson Centre: brings leading academic research to business, government, and community audiences to create value through knowledge. Centre focuses on research themes related to the knowledge economy - how to harness the expertise of individuals, organizations and communities to create knowledge capital....� The result is innovation, insight and understanding to grow business, inform policy, and revitalize industries and communities KIS-sponsored consulting services for 15 businesses in Eastern Ontario; no cost to businesses 4th year QSB students assist businesses with marketing research, strategic planning, etc. to address business development needs Interested businesses can contact their local CFDC or The Monieson Centre to request sponsorship Eg of business that was turned around with faculty member + grad student http://www.easternontarioknowledge.ca/oemc%20presentation%20sept%202009%20bw.pdfKIS-sponsored consulting services for 15 businesses in Eastern Ontario; no cost to businesses 4th year QSB students assist businesses with marketing research, strategic planning, etc. to address business development needs Interested businesses can contact their local CFDC or The Monieson Centre to request sponsorship Eg of business that was turned around with faculty member + grad student http://www.easternontarioknowledge.ca/oemc%20presentation%20sept%202009%20bw.pdf

23. 23 KIS Discovery Workshops: Top Research Questions How can our community respond to and capitalize on the emerging creative economy? What is our region�s niche/competitive edge and how can we capitalize on it? How can we engage our community in economic development? How can we create value-added products from our local natural resources (agriculture, forestry)? How do we develop efficient government that builds cooperation between local, regional, provincial and federal levels?

24. 24 How can we retain our youth? What is the best way to foster entrepreneurship? Do business incubators work? What demographic information can guide our planning? How can we effectively brand ourselves? How do we compare to other similar communities and what best practices can be learned from them? What can we do to make an inventory of our region�s assets?

25. KIS Knowledge Syntheses 4-5 page reports summarizing leading research and resources on key economic development issues topics are developed through the Discovery Workshops completed reports: Entrepreneurship Youth Retention Community Branding Creating a Vibrant Downtown Economic Development Models

26. Making KMb make sense to academics We often hear that KMb represents a lot of work that is not counted by the university in tenure and promotion decisions: some call for validation of non-peer reviewed publications, briefings, newsletters, etc. some concede KMb work offers few opportunities to publish top-tier journal articles some suggest only senior & tenured scholars have the luxury or freedom to work on KMb

27. Evaluation of 2004 RDI grant �Studying virtual team effectiveness in organizations� the analysis highlights and traces the advancement of key scholarly ideas: Virtual Teams Multi-communicating Knowledge Hiding it shows how scholarship and scholars connect and combine their efforts (who works with whom, in which ways) it documents the dissemination work within the academy (journals articles, academic meetings)�. 5/16/2012 27 12-page examination of the results of a 2004 RDI grant entitled �Studying virtual team effectiveness in organizations,� worth $112,700. Its sections: Description of the body of research Main results of the body of research Knowledge advancement Virtual Teams Multi-communicating Knowledge Hiding Informing social, cultural, and economic change Development of Training Materials Training of Professionals Helping Organizations Solve Practical Problems Informing the Public Development of HQP Overall assessment of impact 12-page examination of the results of a 2004 RDI grant entitled �Studying virtual team effectiveness in organizations,� worth $112,700. Its sections: Description of the body of research Main results of the body of research Knowledge advancement Virtual Teams Multi-communicating Knowledge Hiding Informing social, cultural, and economic change Development of Training Materials Training of Professionals Helping Organizations Solve Practical Problems Informing the Public Development of HQP Overall assessment of impact

28. � and it shows how scholarship and scholars move out naturally into the community to generate intellectual, social, economic and cultural benefits: graduate student work with NGO on efficiency of its virtual team work + pass along MS Project company executives trained in best practices from the research research reports to of results to participating organizations (100 participants) research on virtual work folded forward into research on use of info technologies to reduce carbon output in organizations one of the graduate student s worked with a not-for-profit organization to improve the efficiency of the NGO�s virtual team work, as well as to pass along knowledge of MS Project software company executives are being trained and mentored in best practices deriving from the research (a good, practical way in which the academy contributes to the economy: continuing education) as one natural form of KMb, the team has given reports on the research results to participating organizations for use inside those organizations (100 participants received research summaries) the research on virtual work is being folded forward into further research on how people can use information technologies to reduce carbon output in organizations (the team is involved in environmental audits) one of the graduate student s worked with a not-for-profit organization to improve the efficiency of the NGO�s virtual team work, as well as to pass along knowledge of MS Project software company executives are being trained and mentored in best practices deriving from the research (a good, practical way in which the academy contributes to the economy: continuing education) as one natural form of KMb, the team has given reports on the research results to participating organizations for use inside those organizations (100 participants received research summaries) the research on virtual work is being folded forward into further research on how people can use information technologies to reduce carbon output in organizations (the team is involved in environmental audits)

29. employment & training benefits to 17 undergraduate students, Master�s student & 5 doctoral students: library + on-line literature searches, qualitative research, surveys, experiments, meta-analyses, statistical analyses flow of research into teaching (e.g., courses in virtual and cross-cultural team training in the Executive Education and Masters of Global Management programs at Queen�s; instruction of MBA students at HEC Montreal) media coverage of research: interview with Globe & Mail (to 14,000 Queen�s alumni via Web); La Presse, Washington Post, London Times

30. Parting thoughts� KMb is an ambitious & demanding effort to expand scholarly inquiry beyond the traditional boundaries of university-based research KMb creates a virtuous circle of reciprocal engagement that integrates intellectual & social impact KMb relies on, and invigorates, central academic functions such as peer review & teaching KMb is the application of democratic principles to generate ideas & insights that yield wealth & well-being

31. Thank You! Questions / Suggestions