• reforms in france and austria •the third republic and the dual monarchy

1. Friday, January 22, 2010 Chapter 22: The Age of Nation-States •reforms in france and austria•the third republic and the dual monarchy

2. Bourbon Line • Louis XIV—1643-1715 • Louis XV—1715-1774 • Louis XVI—1774-1792 • The Republic • Convention—1792-1795; Directory—1795-1799; • Consulate—1799-1804 • The Empire—Napoleon I—1804-1814 • Restored Bourbon Line • Louis XVIII—1814-1824 • Charles X—1824-1830 • Orleans Line—King Louis-Philippe—1830-1848 • Second Republic—1848-1852 • Second Empire—Napoleon III—1852-1870 • Third Republic—1870-1940 Rulers of france

3. The Reign of Napoleon III is often divided into two periods. • The Authoritarian Stage (1851-1860) • The Liberal Stage (1860-1870) Napoleon iii’s reign

4. During this stage, Napoleon III: Dominated the legislature Censored media Dealt harshly with political dissidents Napoleon III’s support was high as a result of the victory in the Crimean War. The authoritarian stage

5. During this stage, Napoleon III: Signed a free-trade treaty with Britain Eased censorship Allowed for trade unions to form Napoleon III’s popularity decreased as a result of France’s role in Italian unification, and France’s support of Austria’s attack on Mexico. The liberal stage

6. Napoleon III is captured during the Franco-Prussian War at the Battle of Sedan (Sept. 1870). He is released to Britain, and dies in 1873 When news of his capture reaches Paris, France creates a National Assembly (republican government). This government is ruled by monarchists. The third republic

7. Monarchists chose the Count of Chambord as France’s king, but he would only accept if France returned to the Bourbon (white) flag. The National Assembly would not replace the Revolutionary (tri-color) flag. Inability to choose a king led to a republican gov’t (“The Third Republic”) ruled by universal male suffrage, a bi-cameral legislature and a president. The third republic

8. Created in reaction to the new French government on 3/28/1871. Wished to rule Paris separate from France Radical, socialist, and partially anarchist Ends violently in May 1871 The paris commune

9. Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish French soldier, was found guilty of giving secrets to Germany. Later evidence found Dreyfus was innocent, and records were forged to prove him guilty. French liberals (radicals, republicans and socialists) supported a new trial for Dreyfus, and argued the affair showed the evils of the conservative order. The dreyfus affair

10. Austria did not support Russia during the Crimean War. They remained neutral. As a reaction, Russia’s new czar, Alexander II, would not help preserve Habsburg rule in Hungary. The habsburg empire

11. Compromise of 1867—creates a dual monarchy out of the Habsburg Empire (Austria-Hungary) Austria and Hungary functioned as almost completely separate states. This creation of a Magyar nation within the Habsburg Empire angred other nationalities within the empire. Czechs (in Bohemia) wanted a “triple monarchy” Czech nationalism would remain strong into the 20th century The dual monarchy

12. Austria-hungary 1867

13. Nationalism in central/eastern Europe reached its height of power in the late 19th century. The strength of the movement is linked to an increase in education and literacy of a unique language, which people felt should be the centerpiece of a sovereign nation. Nationalism in the late 19th century