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Understanding Atomic Orbitals and Electromagnetic Spectra in Chemistry

Learn about the outer valence electrons in atoms and molecules, atomic structure, energy levels, orbital types, and quantum numbers in hydrogen atoms. Discover the relationship between orbitals and principal quantum numbers. Explore hydrogen and blackbody radiation concepts.

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Understanding Atomic Orbitals and Electromagnetic Spectra in Chemistry

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  1. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

  2. OUTER (VALENCE) ELECTRONS AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE • Outer Valence Electrons in Atoms & Molecules Give Rise to Atomic and Molecular Spectra in U.V. and VISIBLE Portions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

  3. ORBITALS • Remember: • An Atomic Orbital is actually a Wave Function which describes the probability of finding an electron in a particular region of space around a central nucleus

  4. ENERGY LEVELS FOR HYDROGEN ATOMIC ORBITALS

  5. ATOMIC QUANTUM NUMBERS • Principal Quantum No: n = 1,2,3,… • Angular Momentum Q. No: l = 0,1, … (n-1) • Magnetic Q. No: ml = -l,…0,…,+l • Spin Q. No: s = +/- ½

  6. ANGULAR QUANTUM NOS. Angular Q. No: Letter l = 0s l = 1p l = 2 d l = 3 f

  7. ORBITALS vs. PRINCIPAL Q. No. n • e.g. n = 4, l = 0,1,2,3 • So l = 0 4s l = 1 4p l = 2 4d l = 3 4f

  8. Ml values (–1 …+1). Adds up to (2l +1) • So: One 4s orbital Three 4 p orbitals Five 4d orbitals Seven 4f orbitals

  9. HYDROGEN s ORBITALS

  10. HYDROGEN 2px ORBITALS

  11. HYDROGEN 2py ORBITALS

  12. HYDROGEN 2pz ORBITALS

  13. HYDROGEN 3d ORBITALS

  14. Blackbody Radiation vs. Frequency (Wavelength)

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