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FEMA Overview

FEMA Overview. February 2016 Vijay Gupta ACMA, FCS, FCA Mobile: 9810083373 vijay.gupta@vkgnassociates.com. Abstract from Lecture delivered by Mr. Justice S H Kapadia, Hon’ble Chief Justice of India on 20 th February 2010 at ITAT Conference. Start:

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FEMA Overview

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  1. FEMAOverview February 2016 Vijay Gupta ACMA, FCS, FCA Mobile: 9810083373 vijay.gupta@vkgnassociates.com

  2. Abstract from Lecture delivered by Mr. Justice S H Kapadia, Hon’ble Chief Justice of India on 20th February 2010 at ITAT Conference • Start: “But friends, let me tell you about whatever I have learnt; in fact I became a judge precisely because I was very keen to have a learning process. I always realized that this is a position where if a judge sits with an open mind and with clarity of thought, he will understand and he will learn in the process and I can tell you from experience that each day, in whatever jurisdiction you sit, it’s a learning process and there I may say that be judges or members of the Tribunal, we are all enjoying a reflected glory of the advocates who have contributed to a large extent in the development of tax law.” End: “I always believe that instead of going into theories and principles, etc., it is better that we share experience in such workshops and seminars. And last thing I would like to say is, please do not put an end to the efforts here. It is a continuing process.”

  3. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999

  4. Current Account Transactions Sec 5 • Any person may sell or draw foreign exchange to or from an authorised person if such sale or drawal is a current account transaction: Provided that the Central Government may, in public interest and in consultation with the Reserve Bank, impose such reasonable restrictions for current account transactions as may be prescribed. • Drawal of foreign exchange includes use of International Credit Cards (ICC), International Debit Cards (IDC), ATM cards, etc. • Any transaction which is not a capital account transaction and includes: • Payment due in connection with current business, trade, services, short term borrowings & credit facilities in normal course of business • Payment of interest on loans • Income/Dividend on investment • Remittance of living expenses to parents/spouse/children • Expenses in connection with foreign travel, education, medical etc. • No ceiling for Export Commission. However, for export benefits like Duty Drawback, DEPB, etc., agency commission is permissible up to 12.50%.

  5. Capital Account Transactions…1/2 Any transaction: • which alters the assets or liabilities outside India of persons resident in India or • which alters assets or liabilities in India of persons resident outside India • Including transactions referred to in section 6(3) of FEMA

  6. Capital Account Transactions…2/2

  7. What is the mandate of the RBI/ADs? • Regulations:RBI is empowered to “Notify” regulations to give effect the FEMA – this constitutes delegated legislation • A.P. (Dir. Series) Circular: Contain procedural instruction issued by the RBI (issued under section 10(4) and Section 11 of FEMA) • Master Directions: Consolidated Directions have been issued by RBI on 01 January 2016, consolidating all instructions issued by the RBI except on Inbound Investment. • Instructions to ADs have been compiled in the Master Direction. • List of underlying circulars/ notifications which form the basis of this Master Direction furnished in the Appendix. • Reporting instructions are given in Master Directions on reporting (Master Direction No. 18 dated January 01, 2016) • Authorized Dealer : RBI’s gatekeepers • Permitted to deal in foreign exchange under FEMA • FEMA requires all capital account and current account transactions to be routed through the Authorized Dealers (ADs) • ADs are regulated by the RBI and must comply with all RBI rules, regulations and instruction

  8. Rules under FEMA (6)

  9. Regulations under FEMA (26)

  10. Regulations under FEMA (26)

  11. Regulations under FEMA (26)

  12. Comprehensive Master Directions Foreign Exchange Management Act was enacted in 1999 with 25 original notifications came into force with effect from June 1, 2000. Over the years the regulations framed under FEMA have had over 330 amendments. Keeping in view the objective of promoting ease of doing business, a need was felt to consolidate the regulations and rationalise them in the light of evolving business environment and changing practices in cross-border transactions relating to external trade and payments. 17 Master Directions issued on 04 January 2016 - Consolidated relevant A.P (DIR Series) Circulars issued so far All master regulations will be fully updated and placed online. Reserve Bank will issue Master Directions on all regulatory matters. The Master Directions to be issued will consolidate instructions on rules and regulations framed by the Reserve Bank under various Acts including banking issues and foreign exchange transactions. The process of issuing Master Directions involves issuing one Master Direction for each subject matter covering all instructions on that subject. Any change in the rules, regulation or policy will be communicated during the year by way of circulars. The Master Directions will be updated suitably and simultaneously whenever there is a change in the rules/regulations or there is a change in the policy. All the changes will get reflected in the Master Directions available on the RBI website along with the dates on which changes are made. Explanations of rules and regulations will be issued by way of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) after issue of the Master Directions in easy to understand language wherever necessary. The existing set of Master Circulars issued on various subjects will stand withdrawn with the issue of the Master Direction on the subject.

  13. Master Directions - 01 January 2016 + Updated thereafter also • Foreign Investment in India updated 30.10.2015 (Master Circular) • Direct Investment by Residents in Joint Venture (JV) / Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS) Abroad • External Commercial Borrowings, Trade Credit, Borrowing and Lending in Foreign Currency by Authorised Dealers and Persons other than Authorised Dealers • Acquisition and Transfer of Immovable Property under Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 updated 04.02.2016 • Establishment of Liaison/ Branch/ Project Offices in India by Foreign Entities • Export of Goods and Services • Import of Goods and Services • Compounding of Contraventions under FEMA, 1999 • Guarantees & Co-acceptances • Money Changing Activities Opening and Maintenance of Rupee/Foreign Currency Vostro Accounts of Non-resident Exchange Houses • Miscellaneous • Reporting under Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 • Deposits and Accounts updated 04.02.2016 • Remittance of Assets • Insurance • Other Remittance Facilities • Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) • Borrowing and Lending transactions in Indian Rupee between Persons Resident in India and Non-Resident Indians/ Persons of Indian Origin

  14. FDI Policy • Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident outside India) Regulations, 2000 FEMA 20 • Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India (DIPP) Circular on Consolidated FDI Policy(last updated on May 12, 2015) • RBI Master Circular on Foreign Investments in India dated 01 July 2015 (updated on 16 July 2015) • RBI FAQs - Foreign Investments in India 10.02.2015 • FIPB Review books 2014, 2011-2013; 2010; 2009; 2008; FAQs by FIPB for eFiling • Annual Return on Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA return) 18 June 2014 – for LLP also • FDI inflows - FIPB/SIA; Acquisition of Existing Shares; & Automatic Route of RBI:Website of DIPP.nic.in • In case of any conflict between FDI Circular and FEMA Regulations, the relevant FEMA Notification will prevail. The procedural instructions are issued by the Reserve Bank of India vide A.P.Dir. (Series) circulars

  15. Frequently Asked questions (FAQs) by RBI • Foreign Investments in India 10.02.2015 • Liaison / Branch / Project Offices of foreign entities in India 07.07.2015 • Acquisition and Transfer of Immovable Property in India by a person resident outside India 02.07.2012 • Facilities for Non Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) 19.09.2014 • Features of various Deposit Schemes available to Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) 02.02.2015 • Account Opened by Foreign Nationals and Foreign Tourists 14.08.2014 • Forex Facilities including the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) for Residents 17.07.2015 • Compounding of Contraventions under FEMA, 1999 27.03.2015 • Exchange Earner's Foreign Currency (EEFC) Account 09.10.2012 • Annual Return on Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA return) under FEMA 1999 03.07.2013 • Direct Investment by Residents in Joint Venture (JV)-Wholly Owned Subsidiaries (WOS) abroad 13.10.2015 • Scheme for Authorized Dealers Category I (AD) banks, Authorized Dealers Category-II and Full Fledged Money Changers Appointing Agents/Franchisees for Undertaking Restricted Money Changing 24.03.2015 • Hedging of Price Risk in Commodities 04.07.2014 • Asian Clearing Union 23.10.2013 • Swap Window for attracting FCNR (B) Dollar funds

  16. Dealing in foreign exchange, etc. Sec 3 Save as otherwise provided in this Act, rules or regulations made there under, or with the general or special permission of the Reserve Bank, no person shall- a. Deal in or transfer any foreign exchange or foreign security to any person not being an authorized person; b. Make any payment to or for the credit of any person resident outside India in any manner; c. Receive otherwise through an authorized person, any payment by order or on behalf of any person resident outside India in any manner; Explanation- For the purpose of this clause, where any person in, or resident in, India receives any payment by order or on behalf of any person resident outside India through any other person (including an authorized person) without a corresponding inward remittance from any place outside India, then, such person shall be deemed to have received such payment otherwise than through an authorized person; d. enter into any financial transaction in India as consideration for or in association with acquisition or creation or transfer of a right to acquire, any asset outside India by any person. Explanation - For the purpose of this clause, "financial transaction" means making any payment to, or for the credit of any person, or receiving any payment for, by order or on behalf of any person, or drawing, issuing or negotiating any bill of exchange or promissory note, or transferring any security or acknowledging any debt.

  17. Definitions..1/3 • “Currency" includes all currency notes, postal notes, postal orders, money orders, cheques, drafts, travelers cheques, letters of credit, bills of exchange and promissory notes, credit cards or such other similar instruments, as may be notified by the Reserve Bank • “Currency Notes" means and includes cash in the form of coins and bank notes. • “Foreign Currency" means any currency other than Indian currency. • “Foreign Exchange" means foreign currency and includes,- • deposits, credits and balances payable in any foreign currency, • drafts, travelers cheques, letters of credit or bills of exchange, expressed or drawn in Indian currency but payable in any foreign currency, • drafts, travelers cheques, letters of credit or bills of exchange drawn by banks, institutions or persons outside India, but payable in Indian currency • “Foreign Security" means any security, in the form of shares, stocks, bonds, debentures or any other instrument denominated or expressed in foreign currency and includes securities expressed in foreign currency, but where redemption or any form of return such as interest or dividends is payable in Indian currency

  18. Definitions..2/3 • “Person" includes- • individual, • a Hindu undivided family, • a company, • a firm, • an association of persons or a body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, • every artificial juridical person, not falling within any of the preceding sub-clauses, and • any agency, office or branch owned or controlled by such person.

  19. Definitions..3/3 • “Security" means shares, stocks, bonds and debentures, Government securities as defined in the Public Debt Act, 1944 (18 of 1944), savings certificates to which the Government Savings Certificates Act, 1959 (46 of 1959) applies, deposit receipts in respect of deposits of securities and units of the Unit Trust of India established under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963 (52 of 1963) or of any mutual fund and includes certificates of title to securities, but does not include bills of exchange or promissory notes other than Government promissory notes or any other instruments which may be notified by the Reserve Bank as security for the purposes of this Act • “Service" means service of any description which is made available to potential users and includes the provision of facilities in connection with banking, financing, insurance, medical assistance, legal assistance, chit fund, real estate, transport, processing, supply of electrical or other energy, boarding or lodging or both, entertainment, amusement or the purveying of news or other information, but does not include the rendering of any service free of charge or under a contract of personal service • “Transfer” includes sale, purchase, exchange, mortgage, pledge, gift, loan or any other form of transfer of right, title, possession or lien [Section 2(ze) of FEMA]. Thus, the definition is very wide. It covers not only transfers of ownership but also simple transfer of possession or even lien.

  20. General Principles Residential status under Income-tax Act Resident Resident and Ordinarily Resident (ROR) Resident but Not Ordinarily Resident (NOR) Non Resident (NR) Residency is determined by physical number of days stay in India

  21. Residential Status……Cont’d Basic conditions: • 182 days or more in a financial year • 60 days* or more in a financial year plus 365 days or more in four financial years preceding the relevant financial year Any one of the two conditions satisfied None of the conditions satisfied ROR / NOR NR *60 days gets substituted for 182 days only in the year of departure for an Indian citizen proceeding abroad for the purpose of employment. In the year of arrival to India for resuming employment, the threshold limit is 60 days

  22. Residential Status……Cont’d Additional conditions: • “Resident” in India in at least two out of ten financial years preceding the relevant financial year; and • Present in India for 730 days or more during the 7 financial year preceding the relevant financial year Both the conditions satisfied One or none of the conditions satisfied ROR NOR Generally an expatriate/NR coming to India for the time will qualify as ROR in 2 or 3 Years

  23. Definition of Person resident in India under FEMA...1/2 1 A person residing in India for > 182 days during the preceding financial year

  24. Definition of Person resident in India Under FEMA...2/2 Any person or body corporate registered or incorporated in India 2 An office, branch or agency in India owned or controlled by a person resident outside India 3 An office, branch or agency outside India owned or controlled by a person resident in India 4 “Person resident outside India” means a person who is not resident in India.

  25. Definition of NRIs

  26. Definition of PIOs

  27. Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Eligibility • A foreign national, who was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26.01.1950 or was a citizen of India on or at any time after 26.01.1950 or belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15.08.1947 • Children (including minor) and grand children of above person • Citizens of Pakistan or Bangladesh are not eligible • Spouse of the eligible person can apply for OCI if he/she is eligible in his/her own capacity • PIO Cardholder can also apply for OCI provided he/she is otherwise eligible for grant of OCI like any other applicant Benefits to an OCI • Multiple entry multi-purpose lifelong visa for visiting India. • Exemption from registration with local police authority for any length of stay in India. • Parity with Non resident Indians (NRIs) in respect of economic, financial and educational fields except in relation to acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties. • No parity shall be allowed in the sphere of political rights. • Parity with NRIs in respect of pursuing the following professions in India, in pursuance of the provisions contained in the relevant Acts: • Doctors, dentists, nurses & pharmacists; • Advocates; • Architects; • Chartered accountants • Parity with NRIs to appear for the All India Pre-medical Test or such other tests to make them eligible for admission in pursuance of the provisions contained in the relevant Acts. Validity • An OCI is entitled to lifelong visa with free travel to India. Source: FAQs on Overseas Citizenship of India @ mha.nic.in

  28. Close relative of an individual defined in Section 6 of Companies Act, 1956 / 2013

  29. Section 6(4) of FEMA Change of residential status....1/2 Person resident outside India Status changed to Person resident in India • A person resident in India may hold, own, transfer or invest in foreign currency, foreign security or any immovable property situated outside India if: • such currency, security or property was acquired, held or owned by such person when he was resident outside India • OR • inherited from a person who was resident outside India Section 6(5) of FEMA Person resident in India Status changed to Person resident outside India • A person resident outside India may hold, own, transfer or invest in Indian currency, security or any immovable property situated in India if : • such currency, security or property was acquired, held or owned by such person when he was resident in India • OR • inherited from a person who was resident in India

  30. Change of residential status....2/2 • Any fresh investments in India in shares or expansion of the activities of the companies in which investment is made would be subject to the prevailing sectoral FDI cap and conditionalities. • Further, sale proceedsof the assets would have to be deposited in the NRO Account and disposal thereof would be as per the applicable guidelines. • Section 6(4) of FEMA, 1999 covers the following transactions: (i) Foreign currency accounts opened and maintained by such a person when he was resident outside India; (ii) Income earned through employment or business or vocation outside India taken up or commenced while such person was resident outside India, or from investments made while such person was resident outside India, or from gift or inheritance received while such a person was resident outside India; (iii) Foreign exchange including any income arising there from, and conversion or replacement or accrual to the same, held outside India by a person resident in India acquired by way of inheritance from a person resident outside India. (iv) A person resident in India may freely utilise all their eligible assets abroad as well as income on such assets or sale proceeds thereof received after their return to India for making any payments or to make any fresh investments abroad without approval of Reserve Bank, provided the cost of such investments and/or any subsequent payments received there for are met exclusively out of funds forming part of eligible assets held by them and the transaction is not in contravention to extant FEMA provisions.

  31. Where to find the law - Reference/Sources • Website of RBI: rbi.org.in forMaster Circulars, FAQs, Circulars, Notification, Press Release, FEM Act • ODI outflows:Monthly Press Release by RBI • ECB/FCCB data under Automatic/Approval Routes:Monthly Press Release by RBI • Website of DIPP: dipp.nic.in for Consolidated FDI Policy, Industrial Policy, Circulars, Press Notes/releases/Clarifications on FDI FDI inflows - FIPB/SIA; Acquisition of Existing Shares; & Automatic Route of RBI:Website of DIPP • Website of FIPB: finmin.nic.in/fipbweb for FIPB related matters, eFiling • Read Circulars, latest Master Directions, FAQs as Regulations may not be amended simultaneously by Notification.

  32. Disclaimer • These PPTs are intended to serve as a guide to the Member Participants of the Seminar/Conference and for information purposes only; and the contents are not to be construed in any manner whatsoever as a substitute for professional advice or legal opinion. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of particular situation. Information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. While due care has been taken to ensure that the information is current and accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. These PPTs contain information that is privileged and confidential. Unauthorized reading, dissemination, distribution or copying of this document is prohibited. We shall not be responsible for any loss or damage resulting from any action or decision taken on the basis of contents of this material.

  33. Thank You Vijay Gupta VKGN & Associates Chartered Accountants 311, Ansal Bhawan 16, Kasturba Gandhi Marg New Delhi – 110001 Mobile: 9810083373 vijay.gupta@vkgnassociates.com

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