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Chapter 5 The Integumentary System

Chapter 5 The Integumentary System. Skin and its accessory structures structure function growth and repair development aging disorders. General Anatomy. A large organ composed of all 4 tissue types 22 square feet 1-2 mm thick Weight 10 lbs. Function of Integumentary system.

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Chapter 5 The Integumentary System

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  1. Chapter 5The Integumentary System • Skin and its accessory structures • structure • function • growth and repair • development • aging • disorders

  2. General Anatomy • A large organ composed of all 4 tissue types • 22 square feet • 1-2 mm thick • Weight 10 lbs.

  3. Function of Integumentary system • 4 functions:

  4. Focus on Homeostasis • What happens to a burn patient

  5. Overview • 2 Major layers of skin • epidermis is epithelial tissue only • dermis is layer of connective tissue, nerve & muscle • Subcutaneous tissue (subQ or hypodermis) is layer of adipose & areolar tissue • subQ = subcutaneous injection • intradermal = within the skin layer

  6. Membranes • Epithelial layer sitting on a thin layer of connective tissue (lamina propria) • Types of membranes • mucous membrane • serous membrane • synovial membrane • cutaneous membrane (skin)

  7. Mucous Membranes • Lines a body cavity that opens to the outside • mouth, vagina, anus etc • Epithelial cells form a barrier to microbes • Tight junctions between cells • Mucous is secreted from underlying glands to keep surface moist

  8. Serous Membranes • Simple squamous cells overlying loose CT layer • Squamous cells secrete slippery fluid • Lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside such as chest or abdominal cavity • Examples • pleura, peritoneum and pericardium • membrane on walls of cavity = parietal layer • membrane over organs in cavity = visceral layer

  9. Synovial Membranes • Line joint cavities of all freely movable joints • No epithelial cells---just special cells that secrete slippery fluid

  10. Overview of Epidermis • Stratified squamous epithelium • Contains no blood vessels • 4 types of cells • 5 distinct strata (layers) of cells

  11. Cell types of the Epidermis • Keratinocytes--90% • produce keratin • Melanocytes-----8 % • produces melanin pigment • melanin transferred to other cells with long cell processes • Langerhan cells • from bone marrow • provide immunity • Merkel cells • in deepest layer • form touch receptor with sensory neuron

  12. Dermis • Connective tissue layer composed of collagen & elastic fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages & fat cells • Contains hair follicles, glands, nerves & blood vessels • Major regions of dermis(FYI) • papillary region • reticular region

  13. Skin Color Pigments (1) • Melanin produced in epidermis by melanocytes • same number of melanocytes in everyone, but differing amounts of pigment produced • results vary from yellow to tan to black color • melanocytes convert tyrosine to melanin • UV in sunlight increases melanin production • Clinical observations • freckles or liver spots = melanocytes in a patch • albinism = inherited lack of tyrosinase; no pigment • vitiligo = autoimmune loss of melanocytes in areas of the skin produces white patches

  14. Accessory Structures of Skin • Epidermal derivatives • Cells sink inward during development to form: • hair • oil glands • sweat glands • nails

  15. Structure of Hair • Shaft -- visible • Root -- below the surface • Follicle surrounds root • external root sheath • internal root sheath • base of follicle is bulb • blood vessels • germinal cell layer

  16. Hair Color • Result of melanin produced in melanocytes in hair bulb • Dark hair contains true melanin • Blond and red hair contain melanin with iron and sulfur added • Graying hair is result of decline in melanin production • White hair has air bubbles in the medullary shaft

  17. Functions ofHair • Prevents heat loss • Decreases sunburn • Eyelashes help protect eyes • Touch receptors (hair root plexus) senses light touch

  18. Glands of the Skin • Specialized exocrine glands found in dermis • Sebaceous (oil) glands • Sudiferous (sweat) glands • Ceruminous (wax) glands • Mammary (milk) glands

  19. Sebaceous (oil) glands • Secretory portion in the dermis • Most open onto hair shafts • Sebum • combination of cholesterol, proteins, fats & salts • keeps hair and skin from soft & pliable • inhibits growth of bacteria & fungi(ringworm) • Acne • bacterial inflammation of glands • secretions stimulated by hormones at puberty

  20. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands • Eccrine (sweat) glands • most areas of skin • secretory portion in dermis with duct to surface • regulate body temperature with perspiration • Apocrine (sweat) glands • armpit and pubic region • secretory portion in dermis with duct that opens onto hair follicle • secretions more viscous

  21. Burns • Tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electrical,radioactive or chemical substances • Destroys skin cells • 1st degree –sunburn(epidermis) • 2nd degree-blisters (epiderm, dermis) • 3rd degree- full thickness- all three layers (epi, dermis and sub cut)

  22. Homework –chapter 5 • Wordbytes • A1 (diagram), A2,A4,A5,A6,A13 • B2, B8,B9, C1,C2,C3,C4 • Focus on Homeostasis, pg, 167 • Look up the disease Systemic lupus erythematosus in your text. What happens in this disease?

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