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Web Programming Essentials:

Learn the basics of web programming, connecting to servers, transferring files, Unix fundamentals, and creating web content. Explore modes of web content creation, SSH clients, configuring PuTTY, and using SFTP for secure file transfers.

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Web Programming Essentials:

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  1. Web Programming Essentials: Connecting to Server Transferring Files Unix Basics Web Programming

  2. Publishing Web Content • Web Content Creation Mode #1 (easy) • Create HTML & CGI files on the PC using Notepad. • Upload the files to the Web server using SFTP. • Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)  Method for transferring data on the Internet • Web Content Creation Mode #2 (preferred) • Login to the Web server using SSH. • Secure SHell (SSH)  Method for connecting to computers on the Internet • Create HTML & CGI files using a Unix editor (e.g., pico, vi) Edit Web Server PC Edit Publish Display upload toWeb Server Display Display Publish WCC Mode #1 WCC Mode #2 Web Programming

  3. Connecting to Server • Secure SHell (SSH) • Method for connecting to computers on the Internet • Like Window’s Remote Desktop (without the GUI) • SSH Client Software • SSH Client • PuTTY Web Programming

  4. SSH Client: PuTTY • PuTTY configuration • Download and double click PuTTY • Type in the Host Name (e.g. widit.knu.ac.kr) and click Open • Login Web Programming

  5. SSH Client: PuTTY • PuTTY configuration (continued) • Right-click the top blue bar of the PuTTY window • Select “Change Settings” • Select “Translation” under Window Category • Set Character set translation to “UTF-8” Web Programming

  6. SSH Client: PuTTY • PuTTY configuration (continued) • Select “Appearance” under Window Category • Set Font settings to desired font if needed • Select “Colors” under Window Category • Set Default Foreground and Default Background to desired colors if needed • Click Apply to apply the current settings. Web Programming

  7. SSH Client: PuTTY • PuTTY configuration (continued) • Click the “Session” category • Type in a name for the current configuration (e.g., widit) in the “Saved Sessions” box • Click Save to save the current settings • Next time, you can right-Click the top blue bar and select Saved Sessions tochoose the appropriate session (e.g. widit) Web Programming

  8. Transferring Files • Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) • Method for transferring data on the Internet • SFTP Clients • GUI Interactive file transfer programs • SSH Secure File Transfer (includes SSH client: SSH Secure Shell) Web Programming

  9. SFTP Client: SSH Secure File Transfer • SSH Secure File Transfer(includes SSH client) • Click File, and select Connect • Type in the Remote Host Name (e.g. widit.knu.ac.kr), User Name, and click Connect • Type in Password Web Programming

  10. SFTP Client: SSH SFTP • SSH Secure File Transfer(continued) • Click Profiles, and select Add Profile • Type in the profile name (e.g. widit-ftp) and click Add to Profiles • Next time, Click Profiles and select the saved profile name to connect Web Programming

  11. Unix:OS for Internet Servers Web Programming

  12. Unix Basics • Unix is an Operating System • An operating system (OS) is software that enable the computer to function • Developed in 1960’s at Bell Laboratories • to run multiple concurrent processes for many users • Ideal OS for Web servers • Unix Differences (from Windows) • No GUI • No “Undo” feature • It is CASE SENSITIVE • Unix Fundamentals • Know the difference between a directory and a file • Know what directory you are in • When in directory doubt, type ‘pwd‘ Web Programming

  13. Unix: File System • File and directory paths use the forward slash “/” • / "root" directory • /home/kiyang subdirectory “home” → subdirectory “kiyang” root ~ Home directory shorthand ~kiyang = /home/kiyang ~topzoo = /home/stud/topzoo ~/ = user’s home directory home usr stud kiyang topzoo freeghsd public_html public_html WP WP /home/stud/freeghsd/public_html/WP/ Web Programming

  14. Unix Basics: Command Syntax • Unix command syntax: command[space]option switches [space] arguments • Options can be combined • To get help on a command • Type ‘man command’ • e.g., man ls • man pages can be difficult to read (example) ls -al/home/kiyang/public_html Web Programming

  15. Unix Basics: BasicCommand • lsfilename • Lists files in a directory • Default argument = current directory • Common options: • -a → list all files including dot files • -l → display detailed info • pwdLists the current working directory • cd dir_nameMove to the directory named dir_name • cp file1 file2Copy file1 to file2 • mv file1 file2Rename file1 to file2 • rm file1delete file1 • cat filenamedisplay the content of filename • more filenamedisplay the content of filename one screen at a time • less filenamesame as more plus scrolling backwards Web Programming

  16. Unix Basics: Working with Directories • Directories are special types of files • Unix file system is hierarchical • use "cd" and "ls" to get around • ~/  your home directory • ~/public_html = /home/kiyang/public_html drwxr-xr-x 2 kiyang kiyang 4096 2011-03-16 11:45 TT -rw------- 1 kiyang kiyang 92 2010-12-14 19:17 hw1.txt • "cd" to change directory • cd change to home directory • cd ..  change to parent directory • "pwd" to print current working directory • "mkdir dir_name" to create a directory named dir_name • "rmdir dir_name" to remove the directory named dir_name Web Programming

  17. Unix Basics: Working with Files • Files have owners and permissions • Owner = person who created the file • Permission • read, write, execute by owner, group, everyone • Cannot "more" all files • read permission needed • Special files • Dot files: ls –a to list • Symbolic links: ls –Ito list the original file • "ls" to list • "cp" to copy • "mv" to rename. • "rm" to delete • "more" (less, cat) to view the content Web Programming

  18. Unix Permissions file type permission owner group last modified time file name size group owner world 000 = 0 = --- 001 = 1 = --x 010 = 2 = -w- 011 = 3 = -wx 100 = 4 = r-- 101 = 5 = r-x 110 = 6 = rw- 111 = 7 = rwx rwx r-x r-- 111 101 100 1=Allowed 0=Not Allowed 7 5 4 In decimal number Web Programming

  19. Changing Unix File Permissions • Use the chmodcommand • Syntax: chmod permissionsfilename • e.g., chmod 644hw1.txt • This would change the permissions to?(Hint: 6 = 110, 4 = 100 in binary) • Important in web authoring • Web pages • Must be world readable → chmod 644 index.htm • Server-side Programs • Must be executable → chmod 755 roster.cgi • User group depending on web server configuration • Directories • Must be world executable → chmod 711 public_html Web Programming

  20. UNIX Shortcuts • Up arrow • Cycles through previous commands • Tab key after partial filename • Completes the filename if enough has been typed (like auto-complete) • Alias • Designates a shorter command to be used in place of a longer one. • Stored in ~/.aliases • Syntax: alias short_cmd=‘long command’ • e.g., alias dir='ls -al |more' alias cdhwp='cd ~/public_html/WP‘ alias chmo='chmod 755 ~/public_html/WP/*' Web Programming

  21. UNIX Editor: Pico • pico file1edit file1 • Ctrl-osave the current file • Ctrl-xsave & exit • Ctrl-edelete to the end of current line • Ctrl-kdelete the current line • Ctrl-urestore the last line that was deleted • Ctrl-wfind/search • Going to a specific line number • Ctrl-w Ctrl-t  line number Web Programming

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