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Integration of Environmental Sensitivities into M&E Systems for USAID Food Assistance Programs

This workshop explored incorporating environmental concerns into Food for Peace Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems, identifying potential impacts like poor soil fertility, lack of irrigation, and pesticide risks. Participants learned about environmental indicators, the significance of gender and environmental safeguards, and how to align M&E frameworks with environmental mitigation plans. The session emphasized the importance of monitoring and coordinating environmental safeguards to enhance project outcomes.

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Integration of Environmental Sensitivities into M&E Systems for USAID Food Assistance Programs

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  1. Integration of Environmental Sensitivities into M&E Systems for USAID Food Assistance Programs Tiana Razafimahatratra, Mission Environmental Officer, USAID Madagascar; Diana Shannon, Regional Environmental Officer, USAID Southern Africa; Erika Clesceri, Bureau Environmental Officer, USAID Washington FFP Madagascar M&E Workshop November 2014

  2. Session Objectives By the end of this session, you will have: Heard about the two types of environmentally-sensitive indicators for FFP M&E systems. Identified opportunities for “greening” your project logical frameworks and indicator systems. Learned about Madagascar Mission environmental monitoring integration

  3. Environmental Considerations • Why are environmental considerations important to USAID Food Assistance Programs? • What are the potential negative health and environmental impacts of our activities?

  4. Causal Linkages between Food Availability and the Environment Poor AgriculturalInputs Salinization Poor CropProduction Poor Soil Fertility Erosion WaterShortage Drought, Desertificationand Climate Changes Poor Maintenance of Irrigation Canals, Water Use Conflict Lack ofIrrigation Soil Nutrient Mining Ineffective Pesticide Use Climate-Smart Agriculture Poor Soil Water Retention Food Insecurity

  5. Pesticides for Pest Management Risks • Endanger health of farmers and consumers if improperly used due to pesticide high toxicity. Environmental measures • Pesticides: 22 CFR 216, §216.3(b)(l)(a) - (l) • Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action Plan (PERSUAP) • Fumigants will be addressed by a FFP Global Programmatic Environmental Assessment (PEA)

  6. Requirement in the FY14 Request for Application (RFA) for Madagascar Projects “The M&E Plan should include gender and environmental indicators to permit the measurement of food security gains while promoting gender equity and safeguarding environmental goods and services.”

  7. IPTT Checklist Does the IPTT Include Environmental Indicators Appropriate to Your LogFrame? Your IPTT should include: • FFP Required if Applicable (RiA) “stand-alone” environmental indicators for baseline/final evaluation (BL/FE) surveys • Use of environmental “integration” indicators for FFP BL/FE and annual monitoring indicators (where applicable)

  8. First, let’s review the framework for USAID Environmental Safeguards. 1. Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)- The Analytics IEE 2. Environmental Mitigation Monitoring Plan (EMMP)- The Implementation Plan EMMP

  9. Environmental Safeguards & Compliance Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is… A formal analysisthat identifies: • Potential impact of projects on the environment • Measures to mitigate these impacts IEE Environmental Mitigation Monitoring Plan (EMMP) is… EMMP A formal planthat identifies: • Mitigation Indicators • Frequency and Persons responsible

  10. What is the Purpose of the EMMP? It is a management plan for Environmental safeguards, which are linked to project results and indicators.

  11. Requirements for Monitoring: Performance and IEE Monitoring are both required by USAID, and makes sense to coordinate this monitoring with M&E specialist oversight…. • Let’sdiscusshow….

  12. Structure of Food for Peace M&E Systems Logical Framework (LogFrame) Indicator Performance Tracking Table (IPTT)

  13. LogFrame

  14. IPTT Indicator Performance Tracking Table (IPTT) • Improve your project • Reporting requirements • Tell your story

  15. Cross Walking M&E with the EMMP… • First, identify sub-purposes in the LogFrame that have an environmental component. • Then, compare sub-purposes with analysis conducted in the EMMP. • Next, reflect the environmental aspects in the IPTT indicators, where practicable. OK…, how? OK, how???

  16. LogFrame Typically the Sub-Purpose level contains enough details to identify environmental impacts….

  17. First, let’s identify sub-purposes in the LogFrame with an environmental component …

  18. Then, compare sub-purposes with analyses conducted in the EMMP…

  19. What does it mean in practice to reflect the environmental aspects in the IPTT indicators??

  20. What are types of environmental indicators? As for Gender, we have two types: • Stand-Alone Indicator. • Integration Indicator.

  21. Purpose of Stand-Alone Indicator? • Stand-Alone Environmental Indicators To measure progress towards planned project environmental results, throughout the life of the activity. e.g., For Climate Change and Natural Resources Management But this alone is not enough…

  22. Purpose of Integration Indicators? • Environmental Integration Indicators To measure progress towards planned project results while incorporating environmental mitigation measures, throughout the life of the activity. e.g., For Irrigation, Roads, Water, Sanitation, etc. A typical FFP project, will have more of the Integration type of environmentally-sensitive indicator, than the Stand-Alone.

  23. What are some examples of activities in FFP Madagascar projects that have potential for unintended environmental impacts?

  24. What are examples of these two types of Environmentally-Sensitive Indicators? • Stand-Alone Indicator • e.g., Climate Change, NRM, Cookstoves • Integration Indicator: • e.g., Water, Sanitation, Agriculture, Roads, Irrigation

  25. Stand-Alone Environmental Indicator: Climate Change Programming … Climate Change Adaptation: (SPS # 4.8.2-26) Number of stakeholders with increased capacity to adapt to impacts of climate change as a result of USG assistance • Stakeholders with increased capacity include: • Implementing risk-reducing practices/actions to improve resilience to climate change  • Using climate information in their decision making  USAID GCC Indicator Handbook (2012) http://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/documents/1865/GCC_Indicator_Handbook_Definition_Sheets_2012.pdf 25

  26. Stand-Alone Environmental Indicator: Natural Resources Management (NRM)… NRM: (SPS # 4.5.2-2): Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance Measuring Natural Resources Management (NRM) and Climate Change Adaptability under Feed the Future (FtF) Definition of “Technologies” is quite broad : pest management, soil fertility, irrigation, water management, climate sensitivity, etc. “…food security strategies must address sustainable intensification... Environmental degradation and climate change are critical cross-cutting issues that can affect the sustainability of Feed the Future investments … “ USAID Feed the Future Indicator Handbook, V.7 http://feedthefuture.gov/sites/default/files/resource/files/Volume7_FTFNRM.pdf 26

  27. Stand-Alone Environmental Indicator: Fuelwood Needs for Commodity Cooking… • Monitoring is essential for Fuel-Efficient Stoves (FES) due to cultural barriers and low adoption rates. • Indicators: • % of respondents reporting they prefer the new FES stove to their traditional  • Amount of fuel or time saved by improved practices

  28. What are examples of these two types of Environmentally-Sensitive Indicators? • Stand-Alone Indicator • e.g., Climate Change, NRM, Cookstoves • Integration Indicator: • Terminology: “Environmental Integration” or “Greening” of the Indicator • e.g., Water, Sanitation, Agriculture, Roads, Irrigation

  29. Cross Walking IPTT with the EMMP… Indicator Performance Tracking Table (IPTT) Environmental Mitigation Monitoring Plan (EMMP) Greening of existing IPTT Indicators by cross referencing the EMMP!

  30. Some FFP Indicators Targeted for Integration Nine Illustrative Indicators for “Greening”:

  31. Environmental Integration Indicator: Drinking Water Simple Environment Integration in a Standard Indicator… For a Drinking Water Result Measured by the FFP Standard Indicator #40, % of HH using an improved drinking water source Ensure environmental integration by implementing in accordance with existing project EMMP analysis

  32. People are using, but this may not be what we mean by an “improved” drinking water source… In addition to the WHO-UNICEF JMP definition in the PIRS, the EMMP unpacks the project-specifics of what is meant by an “improved” water source

  33. FFP Indicators Targeted for Integration Which words in indicator title can be adapted by EMMP?

  34. Timeline IEE Approved Year 1 ESR Year 2 ESR Year 3 ESR Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Report on Environmentally-Sensitive Indicators in the ESRs and IPTT Report on Indicators in the annual Environmental Status Report (ESR) to inform PREP and the IPTT

  35. Case Study – Go Green in Madagascar • Review and discussion, if time allows

  36. Session Results • Discussed two types of USAID recommended environmentally-sensitive indicators. • Stand-Alone Environmental Indicators and Environmental Integration Indicators • Identified opportunities for “greening” the project results frameworks and indicator systems. • Cross Walk your IPTT with EMMP! • Learned about Mission approaches for environmental monitoring. • Mission Madagascar Processes

  37. For more information contact: Dr. Erika Clesceri Bureau Environmental Officer USAID, Bureau for Democracy Conflict and Humanitarian Assistance eclesceri@usaid.gov

  38. Guidance for greening results and indicator frameworks

  39. Green Recovery and Reconstruction (GRRT) • UNHCR / CARE International FRAME Project Environmental and Sustainability Indicator Guidance

  40. Green Recovery and Reconstruction Toolkit (GRRT), WWF & Red Cross Modules: Opportunities for Green Recovery and Reconstruction: An Introduction Project Design, Monitoring and Evaluation Environmental Impact Assessment Tools and Techniques Strategic Site Selection and Development Materials and the Supply Chain Construction Water and Sanitation Livelihoods Disaster Risk Reduction Organizational Operations

  41. Project Design, Monitoring and Evaluation

  42. Recognised gaps in available tools Needed innovative and appropriate approaches Needed an approach which addressed the whole cycle of programme management Needed a system which could reach across all sectors Wanted a product that could be used by different stakeholders and is capable of being adapted for different situations UNHCR Environmental Indicator Framework FRAME PROJECT

  43. EXAMPLE OF A FRAME SCORE CARD

  44. New! USAID Sector Environmental Guidelines

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