World History: August 13 th

1. World History: August 13th • Find your new seat! • Get out your syllabus & personal history – I will collect them shortly! • Signed syllabus: 10 points (homework) • Personal history: 20 points (homework) • Today, we will have our first bellwork assignment. Get out a piece of paper – I will go over instructions once class begins.

2. BELLWORK 8/13: Human Origins With a partner, read pgs. 2-3 in the textbook & answer the following questions: • List two characteristics of the Paleolithic Age. • Using the quotes and timeline on pg.2  What are some early human behaviors that mark the development towards civilization? • THINKER: How do we know about early civilizations? What evidence do historians use to study people who lived thousands of years ago? (Can reference map on pg.3)

3. Asia Map • Our first region of study will be the Middle East & Asia. For the next part of class, you will label a blank map of this region. • Use the pgs. 926-927 to label all 40 countries. • Write legibly! You will use this map to study for your first map quiz on Friday. • You will also be tested on this region at the end of the semester, so make it count!

6. Asia Map Quiz Friday! • Identify 20 countries • Word bank provided (30 countries) • No re-takes • First grade in Exam Category (25%)

7. How to study for map quizzes…. • Break up region into smaller sections • Download map apps for games & quizzes • Create mnemonic devices! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1d--L3rxBu4 • Label, re-label, and label some more • Watch YouTube tutorials • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kao_sv65g-8 • Memorize songs • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBAnI31VTNY

8. Policy and Procedure Review Game • Now it’s time to see if you were paying attention to my class policies and procedures! • In groups of 3-4, match the statement to it’s corresponding answer – all are about my classroom policies and procedures. • Once you are finished, raise your hand and I will check your answers. • Winning group will get an advantage on Friday’s map quiz! • No cheating or using notes!

9. BELLWORK 8/14: How do we learn about prehistory? • What is meant by the term “prehistory?” • Describe how archaeology is used to teach us about prehistory? • Define anthropology. • How do historians and scientists determine the age of artifacts? Describe at least two ways! • THINKER: What have artifacts and fossils revealed about prehistory?

10. Unit 1: Ancient Civilizations Human Origins – Early River Valley Civilizations

11. Evidence traced the first human existence back to 4.4 million years ago in East Africa. Hominids: group of human beings and humanlike creatures. Human Origins

12. Culture: the way of life of a group of people. (Ex: language, food, dress, religion, art, etc.) Earliest aspect of culture – use of tools. Use of stone tools eventually led to the Paleolithic Age (Greek word – “old stone”) or Stone Age. Human Culture

13. Paleolithic Age (2.5M B.C. – 10,000 BC) • Characterized by development of Homo Sapiens, (“person who thinks”) 200,000 years ago. • Nomadic hunter-gatherers • Migrated to Europe and Asia

14. The Ice Ages • Between 2 million and 10,000 years ago, Earth experienced long periods of cold climate, known as the Ice Ages. • Massive glaciers spread out from the Poles. • As sheets of ice formed, the level of the oceans dropped more than 300 feet! • As a result, areas were connected by land bridges. • Only the middle areas of the earth remained warm enough for humans and animals. • Led to the development of clothing and fire.

17. Ice sheet in Antarctica

18. The Iceman • September 19, 1991: Helmut and Erika Simon hiking near the Austria/Italian border • Saw a head and shoulders emerging from the ice. • Scientists dug it out of the glacier and discovered that the iceman was at least 5,000 years old! (Oldest body ever retrieved from a glacier) • He was named “Ötzi the Iceman” after the region in which he was discovered.

20. *

21. The Iceman’s remains were preserved through a combination of factors: Altitude 10,530 feet After he died, the ditch where he lay was filled with snow. For thousands of years, a glacier covered this pocket of snow. This caused the iceman to be naturally mummified. Ötzi the Iceman

22. Earliest Hominids • 4M years ago • East Africa • Walked upright • Averaged 40-100lbs & 3.5-5ft. • Brain was 1/3 the size of yours

23. Skeletal remains of earliest hominid compared to modern human

25. Development of Hominids (page 6) Scientists use the Latin word Homo which means “human” to categorize hominids….With a partner, describe the four species of Homo in prehistoric times.

26. Homo Habilis • 2.5M years ago • Larger brain • Taller than previous hominids • Use of stone tools

28. Homo Erectus • 1.5M years ago • Legs and arms more proportionate • Averaged 5 ft. tall • Brain doubled in size • Nomadic hunter-gatherers • Migrated out of Africa

29. Homo Sapiens • 250,000 years ago • Neanderthals • Brain growth • Buried dead, abstract thinking, created art, used fire

31. Homo Sapien Sapiens • 30,000 years ago • Modern Humans • Replaced Neanderthals • Spread to Europe, Asia, Americas • Capable of complex thought, social organization, more advanced tool making, language, medicine, culture

35. Closure: Partner Discussion • Living during prehistoric times was tough! As hominids evolved, they encountered problems with weather, disease, food storage, cooking ,etc. In order to survive, they had to adapt, invent and change their lifestyles. • Make a prediction  How did the first humans adapt in order to survive?

36. BELLWORK: 8/15 Geography Connection  page 5 • From where did early humans migrate? • What continent did early humans reach last? Why? Geography Connection  page 10 • What patterns do you see with the spread of systematic agriculture? • Where were the earliest farming villages located? • THINKER: How would you define civilization? What are some characteristics of a civilization?

37. Asia Map Quiz next class! • Identify 20 countries • Word bank provided (30 countries) • No re-takes • First grade in Exam Category (25%)

38. Origins of agriculture and its spread in prehistory

39. Early River Valley Civilizations • The earliest civilizations all developed in river valleys and embodied the characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution. • Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) • Nile River Valley (Egypt) • Indus River Valley (India) • Huang River Valley (China)

40. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

41. Nile River

42. Indus River Valley

43. Huang River Valley

44. Discuss: What is a revolution? 8000BC-4000BC (Neolithic Age) Characterized by the end of the ice age & appearance of grasslands. Shift from hunter-gatherers to producing their own food. Leads to the development of civilizations! Neolithic Revolution

45. We are going to learn more about the achievements during the Neolithic Revolution. Read pgs. 9-13 and answer the following questions in your notes. Be ready to discuss! The Neolithic Revolution

46. The Neolithic Revolution • What was the Neolithic Revolution? • List 3 advances made during the Neolithic Revolution. • Summarize the development and spread of systematic agriculture. • Explain the characteristics of a Neolithic Village. • Describe how the Neolithic Revolution impacted gender roles. • How did tools and weapons change as a result of the Neolithic Revolution? • Define civilization. What are basic characteristics of civilizations? • Where were the earliest civilizations located? Why? • What was the purpose of government in early civilizations? • In ancient civilizations, what was writing used for?

47. Early River Valley Civilizations • The earliest civilizations all developed in river valleys and embodied the characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution. • Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) • Nile River Valley (Egypt) • Indus River Valley (India) • Huang River Valley (China)

49. Neolithic Tools Grind stone used for processing grain Harvesting tool dating back to 3000 BC

50. The first sign of writing came from priests and were symbols, scribbles, or indentations. Later, the writing evolved into pictograms, useful for medical and legal purposes.